Generated by All in One SEO v4.9.10, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # Ethics & Medicine An International Journal of Bioethics ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 40:1-2 Spring/Summer 2024](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-401-2-spr_sum-2024/) - Table of Contents Download PDF: Coming Soon EDITORIAL Coming Soon GUEST EDITORIAL Forty Years On: Launch of a Journal Nigel M. de S. Cameron, PhD, MBA Recollections C. Ben Mitchell, PhD FROM THE ARCHIVES New Medicine from Old Nigel M. de S. Cameron, PhD, MBA Life and Death and the Handicapped Newborn C. Everett Koop, - [The Nurse Practitioner’s Oath: A Christian Hippocratic Framework for Nurse Practitioners](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/the-nurse-practitioners-oath-a-christian-hippocratic-framework-for-nurse-practitioners/) - The nursing profession has long cared for and sought to heal the sick. The nurse today functions within healthcare teams inside hospital systems or in outpatient settings. Throughout the nursing profession, ethics has been important. The Nightingale Pledge was the ethical standard for the ideal nurse adapted from the Hippocratic Oath and named after Florence Nightingale. It held the nurse responsible to God, forbid harming the patient, and commissioned nurses to promote the health of patients and assist physicians in this endeavor. The profession advanced in 1965 to create nurse practitioners to address the needs of access to healthcare. Nurse practitioners are nurses with advanced graduate-level training to examine, diagnose, treat, and prescribe in order to help and heal patients. The nurse practitioner role was originally created for nurses to assist physicians to see more patients independently. Unfortunately, nurse practitioners do not have any ethical framework or oath that shapes their practice. Only one proposal of a nurse practitioner code of ethics has been attempted. There are no oaths for nurse practitioners to serve as an ethical framework for nurse practitioners. Like the Nightingale Pledge that was fashioned from the Hippocratic Oath, nurse practitioners ought to practice from the moral framework of Hippocratism. Moreover, medicine and nursing were both influenced greatly by early Christianity, and Christian nurse practitioners ought to practice Christian Hippocratism. In order to base the virtuous nurse practitioner’s practice in an ethical framework, an Oath for Nurse Practitioners is proposed. - [Autonomy vs. Protection: The Ethical Dilemma of Involuntary Treatment in a High-Risk Patient](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/autonomy-vs-protection-the-ethical-dilemma-of-involuntary-treatment-in-a-high-risk-patient/) - Should the medical team allow the request of a patient’s mother, acting as his surrogate, to approve involuntary hospitalization and the off-label use of antibiotic treatment where the benefit appears unclear? - [Discontinuing Medical Treatment of a Minor](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/discontinuing-medical-treatment-of-a-minor/) - Is it permissible to let this child go home without dialysis if he and his mother are refusing it? - [The Christian Physician Today](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/the-christian-physician-today/) - What difference does it make to be a Christian physician? In this essay, we suggest an approach to answering the pressing of question of who we are to be as Christians who are called by God to practice medicine. Drawing from our years of clinical experience we present a reflection and exhortation in which we bring together the work of scholar-mentors who collectively inform how we consider and answer the question; in so doing we hope to offer fresh perspective and encouragement. We introduce the thesis that medicine is fundamentally an eschatological enterprise throughout human history, expectantly following the healing ministry of Christ. - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 39:1 Spring 2023](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-391-spring-2023/) - Table of Contents Download PDF: Coming Soon EDITORIAL Remembering the Life and Legacy of Robert D. Orr (1941–2021) Michael J. Sleasman, PhD [Open Access] CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA A Lady with Few Directives Robert D. Orr, MD, CM; Ferdinand D. Yates, Jr, MD, MA (Bioethics) ARTICLE Transformations in Care Robert D. Orr, MD, CM TRIBUTES - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 39:2-3 Summer-Fall 2023](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-3923-summer-fall-2023/) - Table of Contents Download PDF: Coming Soon COMMENTARY Research Note: Cognitive Enhancement Attitudes and Uptake Among Christian College Students Joel Pacyna, MA; Michael J. Sleasman, PhD; and Bryan Just, MA CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA Ethical Guides for Sedation and Pain Management of Patients with Advanced Illness David E. Smith, MD, MA, and Ferdinand D Yates, - [A Higher Calling: Bioethical and Christian Perspectives on Medical Drone Delivery in Developing Nations](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/a-higher-calling-bioethical-and-christian-perspectives-on-medical-drone-delivery-in-developing-nations/) - This review discusses the emerging technology of medical drone delivery and the associated logistical, bioethical, and Christian worldview considerations. Utilization of drones for delivering medical supplies, though a groundbreaking advancement enhancing medical accessibility and timeliness, raises significant bioethical concerns rooted in principles like beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, and explicability. These concerns entail ensuring equitable distribution of medical resources for public benefit while safeguarding patient privacy and data integrity. It is imperative for companies to adhere to regulatory frameworks and transparently communicate about this emerging technology. Addressing these challenges necessitates stakeholder collaboration, involving manufacturers, healthcare providers, regulatory authorities, and communities. From a Christian worldview, key principles encompass the sanctity of life, justice and equity, responsible stewardship of resources, and community welfare. The bioethical implementation of medical delivery drones depends on finding a balance, leveraging technological progress for societal good, and mitigating risks through conscientious, accountable practices. By embracing this approach, the healthcare sector can effectively leverage drone technology to enhance patient care and public health outcomes while upholding the intrinsic values of healthcare, such as compassion, empathy, and human connection. - [Hippocratic Resistance: Conscientious Medicine and Strategic Ethics](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/hippocratic-resistance-conscientious-medicine-and-strategic-ethics/) - Abstract Conscientious medicine enjoys a long history, with roots reaching back to the Hippocratic Oath. Conscientious objection (CO) as a particular manifestation of such practice carries broader implications for healthcare and society. While patients have the right to decline treatments, they are free to do so for a variety of reasons, even against medical advice (AMA). Healthcare professionals (HCPs), on the other hand, are viewed differently. When it comes to morally questionable interventions, they may be asked to put aside their own convictions out of a sense of obligation or duty. Critics claim that conscientious objection that delays or limits interventions can cause harm. Supporters of conscientious objection argue that there is a growing list of interventions that raise larger questions about the definition of harm and the very nature of humanity. Not only is objection justified in such cases, but it may also be essential to the honest practice of pluralistic medicine. This essay argues that conscientious objection is a defending characteristic of medical ethics as part of the healing identity, with strong historical roots. In addition to safety and policy, conscientious practice acts as an ethical line of defense that has protective qualities for society. Current literature on this topic speaks to the clinical challenges involved with balancing objection and access. This essay uses historical examples going back to Hippocrates to illustrate how respecting individual conscience is strategic for the collective endeavor of medical ethics. Keywords: Autonomy, Authority, Nonmaleficence, Conscientious, Conscience, Medical Ethics, Integrity, Hippocrates - [Ethics of Virtual Reality at the End of Life](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-of-virtual-reality-at-the-end-of-life/) - Clinically, virtual reality (VR) applications can be used to control pain and to treat psychological disorders. Christians should be attentive to issues of embodiment and excarnation when approaching this technology. At the end of life, VR can help mend one’s relationship to one’s body and promote relationships of care and love between persons. Negatively, VR can be depersonalizing if it alienates a patient from the flesh world. However, VR can help a patient towards a good death as a pain relief adjunct when used within a caring community. - [Book Review: David VanDrunen, "Natural Law: A Short Companion"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-david-vandrunen-natural-law-a-short-companion/) - Natural law as a guide to ethics has gotten a bad name in some Protestant circles on the grounds that it is a “Roman Catholic” doctrine that insufficiently appreciates the effects of the Fall on human reason and will. David VanDrunen—professor at Westminster Seminary California, ordained minister in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church, with a law degree and a PhD in Christian Ethics—begs to differ. This introduction to his work on natural law lays out its Scriptural basis. It deserves a place on the shelf of any Christian interested in ethics. - [Emerging Technology and Public Health Ethics](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/emerging-technology-and-public-health-ethics/) - Emerging technology used in public health surveillance has increased tremendously in the past decade and especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technologies such as surveillance video monitoring, facial recognition software, and artificial intelligence are used with increasing frequency in the name of preventing or containing diseases. These same technologies have been used by governments for uses other than public health surveillance in so-called “function creep.” Such uses can infringe upon individual autonomy and personal privacy. Ethical analysis during the COVID pandemic typically followed utilitarian analytical frameworks. This presentation uses a virtue ethics analysis of surveillance technologies emphasizing honesty, responsibility, and compassion. Utilitarian ethical analysis leads governmental actions to seek actions and use technologies that protect the most people, but do not necessarily benefit minority groups. Virtue ethics presents a firmer ground to protect the health of the community while safeguarding minority rights through its focus on the moral development and character formation of the public health professional, the individual, and the community. Lastly, a Christian reflection on such issues is examined. Ethical analysis of public health surveillance technologies must precede use of such technologies. A virtue ethics approach can assist in such analysis, supporting the health of the community while protecting the rights of the vulnerable. - [Ethical Guides for Sedation and Pain Management of Patients with Advanced Illness](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethical-guides-for-sedation-and-pain-management-of-patients-with-advanced-illness/) - This column presents a problematic medical-surgical case that may pose a medical-ethical dilemma for patients, families, and healthcare professionals. As this case is based on a real medical situation, identifying features and facts have been altered to preserve anonymity and to conform with professional medical standards. In this case, the physician and family give serious consideration to the types of pain control that are available to the patient. - [The Lesser of Two Evils](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/the-lesser-of-two-evils/) - This column presents a problematic medical-surgical case that may pose a medical-ethical dilemma for patients, families, and healthcare professionals. As this case is based on a real medical situation, identifying features and facts have been altered to preserve anonymity and to conform with professional medical standards. In this case, the family members struggle to identify an ethical and God-honoring course of action following a terrible assault. - [The Science and Art of Bioethics Consultation: A Tribute to the Methodology and Teaching of Robert D. Orr, MD, CM](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/the-science-and-art-of-bioethics-consultation/) - Is Dr. Orr’s approach to bioethics consultation unique? I cannot say, as I have not had another instructor in consultation methodology. Is his approach to bioethics consultation effective and efficient? That I can answer affirmatively. - [Bioethics and the Credibility Crisis, Part I: Diagnosing the Challenges Before Us](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/bioethics-and-the-credibility-crisis-part-i-diagnosing-the-challenges-before-us/) - One key insight that emerged within postmodern philosophy is that facts and values along with meaning and significance are more intimately tied together than we may care to admit. - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 40:3 Fall 2024](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-403-fall-2024/) - Table of Contents Download PDF: Coming Soon EDITORIAL Coming Soon FROM THE ARCHIVES Virtue in Question Nigel M. de S. Cameron, PhD, MBA CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA Providing Care for a Depressed Patient Robert D. Orr, MD, CM, and Ferdinand D. Yates, Jr., MD, MA ORIGINAL ARTICLES A Hermeneutical Approach to Medical Ethics Henk Jochemsen, PhD - [A Lady with Few Directives](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/a-lady-with-few-directives/) - QUESTION: How should we make decisions about resuscitation status for this confused woman with no designated surrogate? STORY: Nellie is a 97-year-old woman who was living alone in her own home until she was admitted to the hospital four days ago with weakness, decreased mobility, and confusion. She was found to have pneumonia, sepsis, renal insufficiency, and dry gangrene of one toe. She has responded surprisingly well to treatment, but remains frail, somewhat confused, and is at risk of further complications. Dr. Roberts, who has not previously known the patient, has attempted to have conversations with Nellie about her wishes regarding resuscitation, intubation, and other end-of-life care, but she has given inconsistent responses. He believes that CPR with chest compressions is unlikely to work if Nellie’s heart should stop because of her very frail ribs—however, he is not absolutely certain. - [Book Review: Marilyn McEntyre, "Speaking Peace in a Climate of Conflict"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-marilyn-mcentyre-speaking-peace-in-a-climate-of-conflict/) - Marilyn McEntyre has succinctly written Speaking Peace in a Climate of Conflict as a guide for Christians to use words in ways to bring clarity and winsomeness to conversations and written communications. - [Transformations in Care: An (Old) Physician’s Perspective](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/transformations-in-care-an-old-physicians-perspective/) - So, what I would like to talk about is a physician’s perspective on the transformation in care—changes in healthcare, changes in healthcare finance, and changes in healthcare ethics. - [Book Review: Dennis L. Durst, "The Perils of Human Exceptionalism"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-dennis-l-durst-the-perils-of-human-exceptionalism/) - Theologian Dennis Durst’s The Perils of Human Exceptionalism is a historical theological anthropology on the intellectual history of the 19th century that impacted human exceptionalism. - [Remembering the Life and Legacy of Robert D. Orr (1941–2021)](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/remembering-the-life-and-legacy-of-robert-d-orr-1941-2021/) - For this issue of Ethics & Medicine, we offer a collection of essays and reflections on the life and legacy of Robert D. Orr, MD, CM (1941–2021). - [In Remembrance of Robert D. Orr MD, CM: Physician, Mentor, Teacher, and Friend](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/in-remembrance-of-robert-d-orr/) - I first met Bob Orr when I was a medical student and he was teaching a class on bioethics. He had recently started the clinical ethics consult service at Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC), and I had had an interest in ethics since my undergrad days. Dr. Orr had reluctantly left his home in beautiful Vermont to come to the desert of Southern California and start an official ethics program at LLUMC. He was a Family Medicine physician by training; thus, he joined the Family Medicine department and served as one of the attendings who would chief in the residency clinic. Bob was a master teacher. His lectures were engaging and thought-provoking, and he knew that telling stories was the best way to help people understand what ethics was all about. For Bob, he believed that ethics meant treating people kindly and fairly. Ethics was not just an academic endeavor for Bob. He saw it as a way to make the world a kinder, gentler place for those who were often overlooked and disadvantaged. - [Doing Clinical Ethics](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/doing-clinical-ethics/) - “Dr. Orr, is this a situation where it would be permissible to withdraw care?” asked one of my classmates. Looking intently at the student and ensuring everyone was listening, Dr. Orr answered, “We may withdraw certain treatments, but we never withdraw care.” It has been 16 years since I heard Bob’s response to that student’s question. Whether I am teaching clinical ethics to medical students or discussing a complex case with members of my hospital ethics committee, I often find myself repeating Bob’s profound insight. His statement has the same impact on my students and colleagues today as it did on me in that classroom many years ago. It has been 16 years since I heard Bob’s response to that student’s question. Whether I am teaching clinical ethics to medical students or discussing a complex case with members of my hospital ethics committee, I often find myself repeating Bob’s profound insight. His statement has the same impact on my students and colleagues today as it did on me in that classroom many years ago. The opportunity to study clinical ethics with Bob was what ultimately convinced me to pursue an advanced degree in bioethics. I had heard him speak on this topic at a conference a few years prior, and I knew that spending time with him would make a significant difference in how I directed the ethics committee at my hospital and taught the residents and students in our family medicine residency. When I enrolled in Bob’s class, I had no idea that one day I would teach several courses with him, use his approach to clinical ethics to change how my hospital ran its ethics committee, and pass his teaching methods on to hundreds of students, residents, and colleagues. In the process, Bob became a friend and mentor. Not only did he help me grow in my understanding and practice of clinical ethics, but he also helped me appreciate the incredible privilege we have been given to serve God and our fellow human beings through medicine. - [Robert Orr, MD: Educator](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/robert-orr-md-educator/) - I probably first encountered Dr. Bob Orr in Toronto—close to 40 years ago. We were both attending a conference—sponsored by the Christian Medical & Dental Associations (CMDA)—that was intended to be an introduction to faith-based medical ethics and would drum up interest for this relatively unheralded discipline. - [Physician Exemplar of Faith and Reason: Robert D. Orr, MD, CM](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/physician-exemplar-of-faith-and-reason-robert-d-orr-md-cm/) - Dr. Robert D. Orr stood out as a Physician, and one of integrity. That is to say, he was a fully integrated individual—theologically, philosophically, professionally, and personally—who engaged each patient and colleague with recognition of their own integrity. - [Robert Orr’s Legacy of Theologically Rich Clinical Ethics Leadership](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/robert-orrs-legacy-of-theologically-rich-clinical-ethics-leadership/) - Dr. Robert D. Orr was a committed Christian, good friend, and exemplary physician. His medical prowess and wisdom were perhaps most powerfully evidenced in his book Medical Ethics and the Faith Factor: A Handbook for Clergy and Health-Care Professionals. That book was the third project developed for The Center for Bioethics & Human Dignity’s (CBHD’s) second book series with Eerdmans, Critical Issues in Bioethics. His volume brilliantly demonstrates how the work of earlier books in the series produced by Biola’s Scott Rae and Harvard’s Arthur Dyck cash out in the everyday practice of medicine. It is a wonderful discussion of a great array of real-life case studies, filled with the insight that comes from a lifetime of faithful caring for patients in the service of God. - [The Ethics of Uterine Transplant in Absolute Uterine Factor Infertility: A Review of Uterine Transplant Today from the Lens of the Belmont Report](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/the-ethics-of-uterine-transplant-in-absolute-uterine-factor-infertility/) - Abstract The miracle of childbirth and childrearing has been apparent since the beginning of time. Most women can birth children, and consequently, it is distressing for those who suffer from infertility. Medicine and research have advanced to provide relief from this type of suffering. Previously, absolute uterine factor infertility, or absence of a uterus, has been untreatable. However, advances in surgical and transplant techniques have made uterus transplantation a possibility for this type of infertility. Many risks are involved for women and children throughout the transplantation, pregnancy, and birthing process. As scientists, medical professionals, and Christians, we must ask, do the ends justify the means? This article will review the promises, perils, science, and current statistics of uterine transplantation from the specific view of research ethics. It will analyze the ethical permissibility or impermissibility of continuing research or approving this type of infertility treatment from the lens of the Belmont Report, with additional attention to the Montreal Criteria, traditional transplant ethics, the epistemology of science, the purpose of medicine, the particular view of Christian bioethics, and biomedical ethics. After reviewing these methods with statistical analysis of current research data, it will be perceptible from all presented views, with special attention to the research lens of the Belmont Report and Christian bioethics, that they do not permit uterine transplantation. Keywords: AUFI, Biomedical Ethics, Christian Bioethics, Infertility, IVF, Medical Ethics, Transplant Ethics, Reproduction, Uterus, Organ Transplantation. - [Doctors and the Gillick Case](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/doctors-and-the-gillick-case/) - In April this year a letter to the Prime Minister was handed in at 10, Downing Street from some of Britain’s top ‘agony aunts’. Signatories included Katie Boyle, Claire Rayner, Marjorie Proops and Anna Raeburn. They urged the Government not to accede to pressure to rescind the existing guidelines published by the Department of Health and Social Security whereby doctors can provide contraceptive a device without the knowledge of the parents to girls under 16. - [Medicine and Mores](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/medicine-and-mores/) - As previously accepted mores crumble into the melting-pot of contemporary values, those involved in the social services find themselves beset by conflicting demands. This is particularly true in the medical field. What moral values, if any, can a doctor in practice maintain? Is he or she simply an agent of the state to meet any request a patient may have? Should a Christian doctor concede the “consensus morality” of the age rather than apply Christian principles? We believe that it is vital for us to understand what lies behind these issues, and to support each other in working out their practical application with God’s help. - [A General Practitioner’s Response](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/a-general-practitioners-response/) - As the author of the editorial in the Christian Medical Fellowship Journal to which Mr Johnston refers, it is perhaps not surprising that I am very substantially in agreement with the points that he makes, although we have never communicated personally about this matter. I will seek nevertheless to amplify some of them slightly from a medical view-point. - [Reflections on the Doctor in Society](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/reflections-on-the-doctor-in-society/) - As we struggle with the implications of in vitro fertilisation (IVF), the question of abortion and the ethics of health care it is essential that we understand the nature of the conflict between good and evil, and are clear as to the basis of our own stand. If there is to be a clear Christian witness in the medical field it can only come from those with an underlying commitment to obey God. - [A Legal Comment](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/a-legal-comment/) - O.R. Johnston’s article canvasses many of the varied issues, ethical, medical and legal arising from the decision in Gillick V. West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority. This comment will focus more specifically on some of the legal issues involved. - [The Warnock Debate](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/the-warnock-debate/) - Two members of the Editorial Board of ETHICS & MEDICINE had the pleasure, just before this issue went to press, of debating some of the ethical issues arising out of the Warnock Report before Durham Union Society. - [The Higher-Brain Concept of Death: A Christian Theological Appraisal](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/the-higher-brain-concept-of-death-a-christian-theological-appraisal/) - The purpose of this essay is to explore the higher-brain death (HBD) criterion, to identify arguments supporting and opposing the proposal, and to locate this proposal, broadly speaking, within the contemporary brain death debate. Finally, the essay will engage the question of how the proposal might be viewed in Christian thought, and whether it may be endorsed from a Christian standpoint. - [The Dignity of Human Life: Sketching Out an "Equal Worth" Approach](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/the-dignity-of-human-life-sketching-out-an-equal-worth-approach/) - The term “value of life” can refer to life’s intrinsic dignity: something non-incremental and time-unaffected in contrast to the fluctuating, incremental “value” of our lives, as they are longer or shorter and more or less flourishing. Human beings are equal in their basic moral importance: the moral indignities we condemn in the treatment of e.g. those with dementia reflect the ongoing human dignity that is being violated. Indignities licensed by the person in advance remain indignities, as when people might volunteer their living, unconscious bodies for surrogacy or training in amputation techniques. Respect for someone’s dignity is significantly impacted by a failure to value that person’s very existence, whatever genuine respect and good will is shown by wanting the person’s life to go well. Valuing and respecting life is not, however, vitalism: there can be good and compelling reasons for eschewing some means of prolonging life. - [The Ethics of Naming Epidemics](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-of-naming-epidemics/) - Epidemics and pandemics have profoundly shaped the course of human history. Naming them has ethical consequences because of the value laden in words. Nuances of language can themselves be contagious, influencing attitudes toward people, nations, and other qualities that may be incidental to the initiation or propagation of an infectious disease. A poorly chosen name for an infectious outbreak can divide communities at a time when people should be coming together and collaborating for the sake of the common good. Striving for objectivity in language is helpful, but it is also insufficient, for it omits the ethical framework needed to respond to a pandemic and does not adequately address the meaning of suffering. - [Overlooked Costs of Legalizing Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/overlooked-costs-of-legalizing-assisted-suicide-and-euthanasia/) - Human beings are naturally inhibited with regard to intentionally ending their lives and those of innocent others; human beings naturally love their lives and those of others, and human beings naturally regard human lives as having inalienable worth that is not diminished by or lost by an individual’s circumstances or condition. What do all these natural human proclivities have in common? - [A New Chapter for Ethics & Medicine](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/a-new-chapter-for-ethics-medicine/) - Ethics & Medicine will enter a new era of publication with the next issue, 36:3. Founded almost four decades ago in Edinburgh, Scotland, by Nigel M. de S. Cameron, the journal is one of the longest running journals in the field. It has been my honor and privilege to edit the journal for more than half of its existence. Both Nigel and I have benefited in innumerable ways from our association with the members of the Editorial Advisory Board and regular contributors to the journal. For those individuals, and their enormous contributions, we are most grateful. The new editor, I am happy to report, is the formidable Michael J. Sleasman, PhD, Associate Professor of Bioethics and the Director of Bioethics Degree Program at Trinity Graduate School, Trinity International University in Chicago, Illinois. - [Kindness and the Ethics of Physician-Assisted Suicide](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/kindness-ethics-pas/) - In this paper I explain four features of kindness by examining how four artworks depict them: Giotto di Bondone’s painting of St. Francis of Assisi giving his robe to a beggar, the character Bishop Charles-Francois Myriel in Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables, the person Adam in William Shakespeare’s As You Like It, and the role of Sonya Semyonovna Marmeladov in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment. These four examples describe kindness as supererogatory, altruistic, a belief about how the world ought to be, and the possibility of unction. With this understanding of kindness, I examine the most likely moral motives of the physician in physician-assisted suicide and find that the practice does not display the four characteristics of kindness but rather displays the emotion (though it may be sincere) of condescending pity towards the unfortunate people who deem their lives are devoid of the value to live. - [Triage in a Pandemic: Equity, Utility, or Both?](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/triage-in-a-pandemic-equity-utility-or-both/) - In terms of the setting of priorities for resource allocation, two general principles are important. These are equity and utility. Based on these two concepts, there are two historically discrete models for triage of limited resources. These are the French egalitarian model based on equity and the British military model based on utility. Modern paramedic and emergency room care in multiple casualty situations favors the triage model based on utility. Modern ICU care favors the triage model based on equity. There are issues to be addressed in both triage responses. In a pandemic, both the utilitarian model and the equity model are active, and their applicability changes as the trajectory of the pandemic progresses. - [Proposed Surgery During an International Pandemic](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/proposed-surgery-during-an-international-pandemic/) - Question: Is it ever appropriate to perform a surgical procedure if it is not medically necessary? Story: Nathaniel is presently an active 21-month-old infant. Overall, he has done exceedingly well since birth and has required no hospitalizations or surgeries. After the first several months of life, he began to develop increasing difficulty with nasal symptoms and sleeping difficulties, and ultimately developed perforated eardrums after having had several episodes of otitis media and treatment with appropriate antibiotics. There seemed, however, to be no problem with the infant’s hearing. Nathaniel’s father also had problems with his ears as a child, and ultimately required a tympanostomy tube placement. - [Medicine Masked: Ethical Implications of Half-Hidden Faces During a Pandemic](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/medicine-masked-ethical-implications-of-half-hidden-faces-during-a-pandemic/) - During the COVID-19 global pandemic, in combination with handwashing and eye protection, face masks have become necessary apparel for healthcare professionals to prevent transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).[2] As the mouth both breathes and speaks, a barrier to potentially infectious respiratory droplets can also be a barrier to communication. This is obvious to the hearing-impaired, who rely on reading lips to interpret words they cannot clearly hear. Masks also modify communication in subtle ways in which the wearer may be unaware. The masking of facial expressions can alter how the wearer is perceived. - [A Theology of Human Limitation and Medicine](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/a-theology-of-human-limitation-and-medicine/) - Christians view sickness as a part of life. Yet, modern medicine finds little purpose in the embodied human who is also a spiritual being. While Christians live with the two-fold reality that sickness and death will occur, they do not need to languish without medical treatment. - [Ten Critical Ethical, Conceptual, and Clinical Cautions Concerning the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gender Dysphoria and Transgender Identification](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ten-critical-ethical-conceptual-and-clinical-cautions/) - Abstract There is an urgent need for ethical, conceptual, and clinical clarity regarding the diagnosis and treatment of gender dysphoria and transgender identification. In this essay, I highlight ten critical concerns in this arena, namely, those involving: (1) conceptual parallels between sexual reassignment surgery and elective limb amputation; (2) the lack of long-term data that demonstrates reliable long-term relief from gender dysphoria in those undergoing hormonal or surgical treatment for gender dysphoria; (3) special problems with informed consent in the context of “gender affirming” treatments; (4) the importance of very high desistance rates of gender dysphoria and transgender identification, particularly in children, even without treatment; (5) the extensive differential diagnosis and the need for thorough and subtle assessments in the face of gender-related complaints; (6) a deep religiously based objection to transgender ideology involving the ordering of creation; (7) controversies concerning the existence of rapid-onset gender dysphoria; (8) the recent depathologizing of gender dysphoria; (9) the roles of genetics and environment in transgender identification and gender dysphoria; and (10) reflections on the role of psychotherapeutic treatment in patients with gender dysphoria and transgender identification. Keywords: transgenderism, gender dysphoria, transsexualism, sexual reassignment surgery, gender affirming care - [Professional Integrity in Healthcare Professionals: What, Why, and How](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/professional-integrity-in-healthcare-professionals-what-why-and-how/) - Abstract In this article, the authors discuss some empirical and conceptual basics of professional integrity of conduct in healthcare professions, such as nursing and medicine. They do so in three sections: the basics of professional conduct, including what they are, why they are, and how they work together, integrating original research as well as practical applications. We suggest professional integrity is integral to ethical caring practice, for the good for the patient is at stake, involving the trust of the patient in the professional, in her professional position, and in her profession as a whole. Professional integrity is the moral quality to keep together three dimensions of one’s person, one’s professional practice, and the patient’s interest. Several factors are identified either supporting or eroding professional integrity and the ability to manage integrity issues in practice. Those factors constitute five rules of thumb as well as reflective tools. Keywords: professional ethics, professional integrity, moral wholeness, reliability, trustworthiness - [Aggressive Interventions for an Infant with Thanatophoric Dysplasia](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/aggressive-interventions-for-an-infant-with-thanatophoric-dysplasia/) - Question: What medical and surgical treatments should be offered to an infant with a birth diagnosis that portends a lifetime of chronic problematic therapeutic needs? History: Chelsea is a 7-week-old girl with thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) who has had a long and tumultuous hospital course since birth. Her diagnosis was discovered on prenatal ultrasounds, and her parents met with pediatric subspecialists, including both neonatology and pediatric palliative care. They received counseling on Chelsea’s diagnosis, its severe lung pathology, and poor survival rates. They discussed possible management and anticipated challenges, including the possibility that Chelsea would not respond to such interventions. The team and the parents focused on the “moment-by-moment” information gathering and decision-making in the delivery room, only briefly touching on the inevitable long-term support needs if Chelsea survived. Despite the counseling the parents received, they felt as if a trial of resuscitation was in Chelsea’s best interests after birth. - [On the Ethics of Global Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Kenyan Perspective](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-of-global-allocation-of-covid19-vaccines-a-kenyan-perspective/) - This paper discusses ethical allocation of COVID-19 vaccines, focusing on models that have been proposed for global allocation, as well as provides a discussion on a Christian response to the pandemic. - [Religious Decision-Making in a Teenager](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/religious-decision-making-in-a-teenager/) - Question: May we accept this adolescent Jehovah's Witness refusal of blood transfusion? In this case, the physician needs to ascertain whether or not a teenager’s statement of religious faith should be allowed to direct her life-sustaining medical treatment. Keywords: Jehovah's Witness, Mature Minor Doctrine, Blood Transfusion Refusal, Decision-Making Capacity, Adolescent Autonomy, Pediatric Ethics, Medical Jurisprudence - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 37:2–3 Summer/Fall 2021](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-3723-summerfall-2021/) - Table of Contents "EDITORIAL: Bioethics by Definition" by Michael J. Sleasman, PhD [Open Access] "GUEST COMMENTARY: Revisiting Physician-Assisted Suicide: Reaffirming the Christian Hippocratic Legacy" by Jacob Robert Morris, MD "GREY MATTERS: First Principles for Medical Artificial Intelligence" by William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD "CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS: A Clash of Medical Cultures" by Robert D. Orr, MD, CM and Ferdinand D. Yates Jr., MD, MA (Bioethics) "CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS: Religious Decision-Making in a Teenager" by Robert D. Orr, MD, CM; Ferdinand D. Yates, Jr. MD, MA (Bioethics) ORIGINAL ARTICLES "The Pandemic, Empathy Fatigue, and Ethical Motivations: Kant on Conscience and Scotus on Love" by Dennis Sansom, PhD "Human Flourishing and Contentment in a Biotechnological Context" by Stephen N. Williams, PhD "Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy, the Embryo, and Community" by Cynthia I. Nash, MD, MA (Bioethics) "On the Ethics of Global Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Kenyan Perspective" by Everlyne Nyaboke Ombati, MSc, MBE BOOK REVIEWS - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 37:1 Spring 2021](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-371-spring-2021/) - Table of Contents "EDITORIAL: A New Chapter for Ethics & Medicine Revisited" by Michael J. Sleasman, PhD [Open Access] "GREY MATTERS: Ethics of the Extreme" by William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD "CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA: Daring to Discontinue Life-Sustaining Treatment" by Robert D. Orr, MD, CM and Ferdinand D. Yates Jr., MD, MA (Bioethics) ORIGINAL ARTICLES "Promise or Peril? Progressive Evangelicals, Technology, and Social Justice in the 1970s" by Jacob Shatzer, PhD "Ethical Evaluation of New Biomedical Technologies Using Past Case Studies in Pharmaceutical Medicine" by Stephen Goundrey-Smith, PhD, MrPharmS, FFCI "A Theology of Human Limitation and Medicine" by Cristina Richie, PhD BOOK REVIEWS - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 38:3 Fall 2022](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-383-fall-2022/) - Table of Contents Download PDF: Coming Soon EDITORIAL Bioethics and the Credibility Crisis, Part I: Diagnosing the Challenge Michael J. Sleasman, PhD [Open Access] CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA Aggressive Interventions for an Infant with Thantophoric Dysplasia Sara S. Manetta, MD; Peter D. Murray, MD, MSM, HEC-C; and Ferdinand D. Yates, Jr, MD, MA (Column Editor) ORIGINAL - [A Forgotten Crown of Glory: The Elderly and COVID-19](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/a-forgotten-crown-of-glory-the-elderly-and-covid-19/) - The nursing home where I worked this past summer was fortunate. The long-term care facility shielded its residents from the chaos of the pandemic unfolding outside and managed to avoid any positive COVID-19 cases among its residents and staff for the summer. Of course, this came at a cost. Visitors were barred, activities were canceled, and residents were largely made to stay in their rooms. Even though residents received the same medical care as before—physicians still inspected wounds and nurses continued to pass medications—their mental health and overall wellbeing noticeably diminished. No longer able to enjoy bingo or attend religious services, they sat in their rooms watching TV, becoming more confused by the day. Other nursing homes have encountered greater medically-related difficulties. By October of 2020, nearly 50% of COVID-19 deaths occur in nursing homes, with Britain losing approximately 5% of its nursing home population to the virus. During those early months of the pandemic in the US, residents and employees of nursing homes accounted for 35% of COVID deaths in the country. The elderly in general were afflicted by the disease at a disproportionate rate, and this knowledge caused many to shelter in their homes uncertain about when they might be able to leave. - [Ethical Evaluation of New Biomedical Technologies Using Past Case Studies in Pharmaceutical Medicine](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethical-evaluation-of-new-biomedical-technologies-using-past-case-studies-in-pharmaceutical-medicine/) - Biomedical enhancements have the potential to extend human capacities and significantly improve human life. Consequently, their widespread use may yield greater benefits than current interventions in biopharmaceutical medicine. Ethical assessment of novel biomedical technologies prior to widespread adoption is therefore important. - [Promise or Peril? Progressive Evangelicals, Technology, and Social Justice in the 1970s](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/promise-or-peril-progressive-evangelicals-technology-and-social-justice-in-the-1970s/) - Raising questions related to technology often raises ire on multiple fronts. Some think all technology is neutral. Others lean strongly toward purely positive or purely negative assessments. Yet many neglect the way that analyzing technology connects with other beliefs and commitments. This article seeks to ameliorate this issue and better prepare thinkers to recognize their own web of thinking by exploring progressive evangelical approaches to technology in the 1970s. This historical exploration highlights some key features of the ethics of technology that continue to impact the way Christians ask and answer these questions today, whether that is related to biomedical issues, military technology, or entertainment technology. - [The Pandemic, Empathy Fatigue, and Ethical Motivations: Kant on Conscience and Scotus on Love](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/pandemic-empathy-fatigue-ethical-motivations/) - A morality based on an acknowledgement and affirmation of the lovableness of others can propel us to overcome empathy fatigue. - [First Principles for Medical Artificial Intelligence](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/first-principles-for-medical-artificial-intelligence/) - Medical artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are poised to transform healthcare. Careful ethical analysis is needed. - [Revisiting Physician-Assisted Suicide: Reaffirming the Christian Hippocratic Legacy](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/revisiting-physician-assisted-suicide/) - Support for physician-assisted suicide is growing as a result of ever-expanding cultural pressure. Healthcare professionals should oppose this trend. - [Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy, the Embryo, and Community](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/mitochondrial-replacement-therapy-the-embryo-and-community/) - Abstract Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), also known as mitochondrial donation (MD), is promoted as an option to prevent transmission of mitochondrial disorders to offspring. Since its first reported use in humans, MRT has raised numerous ethical and medical concerns. This article will explore the technology behind MRT and arguments in favor of and opposing it, concluding that a response through the lens of Scripture promotes flourishing of individuals and families affected by mitochondrial disorders without sacrificing others in the process. Keywords: Mitochondrial Disorders, Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy, DNA, Embryo, Germ Line, Disability, Parenthood - [Human Flourishing and Contentment in a Biotechnological Context](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/human-flourishing-and-contentment-in-a-biotechnological-context/) - Abstract Flourishing and contentment are connected but distinct. In Christian perspective, the goal of human enhancement is not conducive to human flourishing, whereas a therapeutic approach to the body is. However, the virtue of contentment means willingness to forgo even therapeutic treatment under certain circumstances. This article attempts to argue for these conclusions with reference to the contrast between the natural and the transhuman and by considering the significance of disability and the church as the body of Christ. Keywords: Contentment, Enhancement, Flourishing, Nature, Therapy, Transhumanism - [Does the Use of Puberty-Suppressing Drugs Satisfy the Requirements of Informed Consent?](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/does-the-use-of-puberty-suppressing-drugs-satisfy-the-requirements-of-informed-consent/) - Abstract Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (“puberty blockers”) have rapidly become the preferred method of treatment for childhood gender nonconformity or for teenagers experiencing various levels of gender dysphoria. Use of these drugs raises questions regarding the ability of prepubescent children to give an informed consent to life-altering interventions with unknown future effects. The article argues the use of puberty blockers fails to meet the standard of informed consent. Keywords: Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs, Puberty Blockers, Informed Consent, Gender Affirmative Model. - [Review Essay: Odyssey into Post-Reality? Review of Chalmers’ Reality+](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-odyssey-into-post-reality-review-of-chalmers-reality/) - Suppose you create a virtual reality, as vast as the cosmos, and ponder what it is to be human within that virtual world. This is the question in "Reality+ - [Ethics and Empirical Knowledge: A Critical Ethical, Partially Detached Interpretation of Experiences of Relatives of Patients Who Received Euthanasia](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-and-empirical-knowledge/) - Abstract The use of empirical data in ethics is on the rise. At the same time, its role in “discovering the good” is much debated. Many scholars—especially those rooted in a modernist, liberal philosophical thinking and influenced by the natural sciences discourse—claim that ethicists should detach from their own considered moral judgments. Others are in favor of disclosing one’s own moral presuppositions in advance. Both positions can be difficult for Christian and other religious ethicists. Detachment could make ethical reflection meaningless and disclosure could alienate the ethicist from their interlocutors. In this article, we propose a four-step framework for the meaningful synthesis of empirical knowledge and ethical reflection. As a case, we use materials from our recently published collection of lived experiences of relatives of patients who received euthanasia. Keywords: Ethics, Empirical Knowledge, Euthanasia, Theological Ethics, Detachment - [Variance in Viewpoints: Protestant Perspectives on Birth Control and Assisted Reproduction](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/variance-in-viewpoints-protestant-perspectives-on-birth-control-and-assisted-reproduction/) - Abstract One’s view of the link between sex and reproduction typically correlates with one’s stance on birth control and assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF. While the Roman Catholic Church holds a clear conviction regarding these technologies and interventions, Protestant (bio)ethicists and individuals alike vary in their viewpoints. When it comes to contraception, Protestants typically fall into three categories: completely against, completely in support, or allowed with restrictions. Opinions on assisted reproduction typically are affirmative or opposed. Through an examination of historical landmarks and varying Protestant perspectives, this article demonstrates how one’s theology of sexuality, or lack thereof, influences reproductive decisions. Keywords: contraception, sexuality, assisted reproduction, women’s health, reproductive technologies, religious ethics - [Personal Choices and Future Medical Need](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/personal-choices-and-future-medical-need/) - Question: Should this man with alcoholism be considered for liver transplantation? Story: Everett is a 62-year-old business executive with a 40-year history of constant moderate alcohol use. He has no history of violence, blackouts, or legal or work problems because of his drinking. It is reported that his wife has also been a problem drinker all during this time, and his two adult daughters are moderate to heavy drinkers. Rather suddenly nine months ago, he suffered liver decompensation. He was stabilized (reluctantly), stopped drinking, and was referred to our liver transplant program. - [When I Am Vulnerable, Imitatio Dei?](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/when-i-am-vulnerable-imitatio-dei/) - Abstract An analysis of patient autonomy through the lens of the theology of vulnerability and the Trinitarian approach to holistic healthcare decisions. Keywords: Autonomy, Vulnerability, Contemporary Bioethics, Human Dignity, imago Dei, Trinitarian Theology - [Ethics of the Extreme](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-of-the-extreme/) - Extremism, which is variously regarded as the adversary of peaceful moderation or the vanguard of righteous dissent, often is immediately recognizable, but sometimes it may be ambiguous, insidious, or undefined. Growing apprehensions about mainstream extremism reflect a linguistic contraindication that may be a symptom of cultural disorientation. Insights from neuroscience suggest that some forms of extremism may arise from an imbalance of brain pathways involved in moral reasoning, such that those signaling sacred valuations and rule processing attain dominance over those representing empathy and deliberative reasoning. If the brain be compared to an orchestra, extremism would be analogous to the unpitched percussion section taking over, the bass drum and clash cymbals intruding into orchestral harmony and drowning out the string and brass sections with harsh, metronomic, auditory hyperintensity. And yet there is a proper role for these instruments. The ideal balance, whether of neural signals or orchestral voices, requires discernment of value beyond factual information. A number of ethical approaches supply moral clarity to assist with making ethical distinctions when convictions reach into the extreme, and while helpful, these leave unanswered deeper questions of ultimate meaning. - [The Moral Status of the Embryo in the Ethical Debate over In Vitro Fertilization](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/the-moral-status-of-the-embryo-in-the-ethical-debate-over-in-vitro-fertilization/) - Abstract On February 29, 2024, the Alabama State Legislature raised a national debate over the ethics of In Vitro Fertilization. The Los Angeles Times on March 4 declared the law’s assumption that the embryo is a person (and by extension would have moral status) must be opposed because it stifles the right of women to have abortions and use IVF. In this paper I argue that an embryo has moral status based on what I call its “organic destiny,” which reveals its goodness of existence. I explain this according to the inner directivity of biological life to mature through the stages of being an embryo, newborn, toddler, to adulthood. The biggest ethical problem with the procedure of IVF is what to do with the leftover embryos not used in the process. IVF per se does not necessarily overlook the moral status of the embryo, but to discard the leftovers because they are now superfluous would overlook and disrespect their moral status. Thus, for the procedure of IVF to recognize ethically the moral status of the embryo, it should proceed with only one embryo at a time. Keywords: In Vitro Fertilization, Moral Status, Embryo, Organic Destiny, Aristotle, Bible - [Climate Change Related Health Hazards and the Academic Responsibility of Evangelical Bioethicists](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/climate-change-related-health-hazards-and-the-academic-responsibility-of-evangelical-bioethicists/) - Abstract This article will explore the academic responsibility of Evangelical bioethicists to address climate change related health hazards. First, it will provide evidence-based data on climate change related health hazards, which disproportionately affect the poor and vulnerable worldwide, and as such are a form of environmental racism. Second, it will look at responses to climate change. So-called “climate change deniers” in the United States—the majority of which are Evangelical—will be addressed and the argument will be put forth that, regardless of the causes of climate change, climate change bioethics is part of the Christian tradition of healing and justice. Focusing on climate health hazards builds consensus across partisan and denominational lines by addressing the result—not the cause—of climate change. Third, the article will confront the academic responsibility of Evangelical bioethicists in addressing climate change related health hazards using the paradigm of H. Richard Niebuhr’s homo dialectus. It will, fourth, offer public theology and biblical scholarship as ways to engage this matter of moral significance. The conclusion will urge Evangelical bioethicists to develop a framework, such as Evangelical environmental bioethics, to effectively address climate change health hazards. Keywords: Climate change; human health; Evangelical theology; H. Richard Niebuhr; responsibility; sustainability; practical theology; theological bioethics - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 21:2 Summer 2005](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-212-summer-2005/) - Download PDF : E&M 21.2 Editorial The Return of Eugenics C. Ben Mitchell, Ph. D. Guest Commentary When Does Human Life Begin? Patrick Yeung, Jr., MD Can Artificial Techniques Supply Morally Neutral Human Embryos for Research? Part II. The Meaning of Artificial Life Nancy L. Jones, Ph.D. and William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD Clinical Ethics - [Daring to Discontinue Life-Sustaining Treatment](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/daring-to-discontinue-life-sustaining-treatment/) - Question: Is it ethically permissible for this young man to stop his ventilator so he will die? David is a 34-year-old man who has been on a ventilator for 9 years. He was re-admitted to the hospital two weeks ago for treatment of recurrent pneumonia and has improved. He asked yesterday if his ventilator could be stopped. - [A Clash of Medical Cultures](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/a-clash-of-medical-cultures/) - Question: Should we go to court to prevent this Samoan man’s family from taking him home against medical advice? Tuiasosopo is a 39-year-old Samoan agricultural worker who was admitted 7 weeks ago after two weeks of headaches and intermittent nausea and vomiting and blindness for 24 hours. - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 18:1 Spring 2002](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-181-spring-2002/) - Download PDF : E&M 18.1 Guest Editorial Nigel M. de S. Cameron and Lori Andrews Guest Commentary: To the Editor Randy Alcorn Clinical Ethics Case Consultation Robert D. Orr ORIGINAL ARTICLES The Advance Directive: An Expression of Autonomy, But Also of Care Klaus Schaefer, Ulrich Eibach, and Debi Ro 'Euthanasia' in the Third Reich: Lessons - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 30:2 Summer 2014](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-302-summer-2014/) - Download PDF: E&M 30:2 EDITORIAL Shouldn't Children Want Parents of Their Own? C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS Dignifying Intellectual Disability William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD ORIGINAL ARTICLES Freedom for Life : Karl Barth, Transhumanism and Human Flourishing Jonathan M. Cahill The Development of Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Research : Serendipity or Eulogy Bhumika Aggarwal, - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 30:3 Fall 2014](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-303-fall-2014/) - Download PDF: E&M 30:3 EDITORIAL Human Dignity: A First Principle C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS Can Electronic Medical Records Make Physicians More Ethical? William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD ORIGINAL ARTICLES Medicine and the Pressure of the Marketplace: Ethical Issues Involved in Medical Research and Practice Dennis Sansom, PhD The Moral Philosophical Challenges Posed by - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 35:2 Summer 2019](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-352-summer-2019/) - Table of Contents "EDITORIAL: The Promise of Palliation" by C. Ben Mitchell, PhD "GREY MATTERS: Machine Intelligence as Interpreter: Ethical Implications of Neural Speech Decoding" by William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD "CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA: Surgery in Those Who Cannot Give Consent " by Jay Hollman, MD, MA, and Ferdinand D. Yates Jr., MD, MA "GUEST COMMENTARY: Robots, Jobs, and Leisure: Being Human in the Face of Technological Disruption" by Jacob Shatzer, MDiv, PhD "GUEST COMMENTARY: Synthetic Human Entities with Embryo-Like Features (SHEEFs) and the Incarnation" by Todd Daly, PhD "Heart Poisoning: Medicine Unlike Any Other" by Jacek Hawiger, MD, PhD, MA(Hon), MD(Hon) "Healthcare, Religious Obligations, and Caring for the Poor" by Dennis L. Sansom, PhD BOOK REVIEWS - [Book Review: Brian Brock, "Disability: Living into the Diversity of Christ’s Body"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-brian-brock-disability-living-into-the-diversity-of-christs-body/) - By framing aging theologically as a life of discipleship, Willimon avoids vapid cultural messages that seek to ignore or minimize aging, yet also criticizes the notion of retirement as freedom from secular and sacred responsibilities. - [Book Review: Will Willimon, "Aging: Growing Old in Church"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-will-willimon-aging-growing-old-in-church/) - By framing aging theologically as a life of discipleship, Willimon avoids vapid cultural messages that seek to ignore or minimize aging, yet also criticizes the notion of retirement as freedom from secular and sacred responsibilities. - [Book Review: Kelly Kapic, "You're Only Human: How Your Limits Reflect God's Design and Why That's Good News"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-kelly-kapic-youre-only-human-how-your-limits-reflect-gods-design-and-why-thats-good-news/) - Kapic writes in a well-researched yet accessible and engaging manner. With today’s societal obsession with youth, health, diet, and optimization of physical performance and personal appearance, Kapic firmly but gently reminds us that despite our best efforts, we are all aging and dying and that this is not necessarily bad. - [Book Review: Mark Yarhouse and Julia Sadusky, "Gender Identity & Faith: Clinical Postures, Tools, and Case Studies for Client-Centered Care"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-mark-yarhouse-and-julia-sadusky-gender-identity-faith-clinical-postures-tools-and-case-studies-for-client-centered-care/) - Download PDF: COMING SOON Gender Identity & Faith: Clinical Postures, Tools, and Case Studies for Client-Centered Care Mark A. Yarhouse and Julia A. Sadusky, IVP Academic, 2022. ISBN 978-0-8308-4181-3, 224 pages, Paperback, $28.00 Wrestling with our flesh is a tough battle. We all experience mental and emotional pain when struggling to understand how we - [Book Review: Gilbert Meilaender, "Bioethics: A Primer for Christians, 4th edition"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-gilbert-meilaender-bioethics-a-primer-for-christians-4th-edition/) - Bioethics: A Primer for Christians is manna for the people of God in the wilderness and serves the welfare of the secular city (Jer 29:7). Ethics, in this book, becomes doxology. - [Book Review: Joseph Davis and Paul Scherz, eds., "The Evening of Life: The Challenges of Aging Well and Dying Well"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-joseph-davis-and-paul-scherz-eds-the-evening-of-life-the-challenges-of-aging-well-and-dying-well/) - As a geriatrics specialist for over 20 years, I found The Evening of Life an engaging exposition of the ethical challenges of aging and death in a modern culture uncomfortable with these realities. - [Book Review: William Eisenhower, "A Bioethicist’s Dictionary"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-william-eisenhower-a-bioethicists-dictionary/) - Words are powerful. They impart shared meaning and serve as the foundation for any area of human study, and bioethics is no different. In addition, the meanings of terms may change over time, influenced by prominent cultural thinkers. With this in mind, William Eisenhower has crafted A Bioethicist’s Dictionary to help ethicists and clinicians alike speak the same language and recognize the contributions of key individuals who have formed our modern understanding of bioethics. - [Book Review: Gregg Allison, "Embodied: Living as Whole People in a Fractured World"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-gregg-allison-embodied-living-as-whole-people-in-a-fractured-world/) - “Embodiment is the proper state of human existence,” according to Gregg Allison, author of Embodied: Living as Whole People in a Fractured World (p. 14). His purpose is to unpack an understanding of what is meant by the term and to develop a “theology of human embodiment” (p. 15). The idea of embodiment is under attack in our society. On the one hand, modern variations of Gnosticism teach that the body is inherently evil and merely an instrument for our use, justifying such moral controversies as seen in sexual dysphoria and transgenderism. On the other hand, some elevate their bodies to an object of worship, striving for perfection through physical exercise and cosmetic procedures to enhance their appearance, even when the end goal is unclear. Allison brings clarity to embodiment and what it means for how we should live out our lives amongst the mixed signals of the world. - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 38:1–2 Spring/Summer 2022](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-381-spring-2022/) - Table of Contents Download PDF: GUEST COMMENTARY Ten Critical Ethical, Conceptual, and Clinical Cautions Concerning the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gender Dysphoria and Transgender Identification A. A. Howsepian, MD, PhD Pages 5–20 CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA Personal Choices and Future Medical Need Robert D. Orr, MD, CM and Ferdinand D. Yates Jr., MD, MA (Bioethics) Pages - [Book Review: "Disability and the Church"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-disability-and-the-church/) - Known as the “Autism Pastor,” Lamar Hardwick is an essential voice in a rising field: the theology of disability. In Disability and the Church: A Vision for Diversity and Inclusion, the author is true to the subtitle, casting a pastor’s vision for positive change in the church. - [Book Review: "Invitation to Christian Ethics"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-invitation-to-christian-ethics/) - Christian ethics and moral decision-making can be complex and intimidating to non-theologians. In addition, the authoritative scriptures do not directly address every possible ethical issue. This problem is especially true in bioethics, which evolves continuously based on medical, scientific, and technological advancements. How should Christians view such issues as artificial intelligence, gene editing, and bodily enhancements? Pastors, healthcare professionals, and lay congregants need help. Invitation to Christian Ethics: Moral Reasoning and Contemporary Issues, by Kenneth Magnuson, gives moral guidance to the Christian community to navigate these problems. While not perfect, it offers a solid philosophical and practical approach to Christian ethics. - [Book Review: "Losing Our Dignity"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-losing-our-dignity/) - In Losing Our Dignity, Camosy’s central driving thesis is that the authority and power of modern medicine “have put an increasing number of human beings outside the circle of protection based on fundamental human equality” (p. 13). This loss of human equality and dignity is based primarily on cognitive disadvantages among neurologically diverse individuals, from those with Down syndrome to others with Alzheimer’s disease. In the eyes of an increasingly secular world, such people have less to offer, therefore less dignity. - [Book Review: Dennis M. Sullivan, Douglas C. Anderson, and Justin W. Cole, "Ethics in Pharmacy Practice: A Practical Guide"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-dennis-m-sullivan-douglas-c-anderson-and-justin-w-cole-ethics-in-pharmacy-practice-a-practical-guide/) - Along with nurses and medical doctors, pharmacists have long been recognized, and honored, by the public as professionals exhibiting honesty and high ethical standards. Serving as the medication expert in the healthcare system, both other medical professionals and patients alike rely heavily on the pharmacist’s knowledge and skills related to an increasingly complex landscape of medications and the diseases (or situations) that such are intended to prevent or treat. And it is expected—assumed even—that the pharmacist will leverage such expertise in the best interest of the patient—as a fiduciary, if you will—exercising a competent, selfless, and wise approach to each patient’s care. - [Book Review: Carl Trueman, "The Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self: Cultural Amnesia, Expressive Individualism, and the Road to Sexual Revolution"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-carl-trueman-the-rise-and-triumph-of-the-modern-self-cultural-amnesia-expressive-individualism-and-the-road-to-sexual-revolution/) - Carl Trueman, a church historian by training and, in recent years, a cultural analyst, has given the evangelical world—and others willing to listen—a sophisticated historical and philosophical genealogy of the current cultural crisis in the West. It is a “how we arrived at our present situation” book, filled with evidence and intellectual connections over about 300 years. Trueman searches for the roots, not only of our sexual mores and practices, but of the broader ideas that form what many would label the reigning worldview. - [Book Review: Farr Curlin and Christopher Tollefsen, "The Way of Medicine: Ethics and the Healing Profession"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-farr-curlin-and-christopher-tollefsen-the-way-of-medicine-ethics-and-the-healing-profession/) - Sometimes a book has pages filled with the reality of truth. The Way of Medicine: Ethics and the Healing Profession, by Farr Curlin and Christopher Tollefsen, is one such work. In a relatively short and readable volume, the authors explore and analyze the how’s and why’s of medical practice, from the ancient model of Hippocrates to the modern “service-provider model.” Using case examples, moral theory, foundational ethics, and experience, they charge after the conflicts between the modern model and the more ancient “way of medicine,” which they espouse as “a practice oriented toward the patient’s health as one basic human good” (p. 54). Their central questions are: “what is medicine?” and “what is medicine for?” They answer these by embracing clinical practice as a profession, not a job. - [Bioethics by Definition](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/bioethics-by-definition/) - What is bioethics? Or, more specifically, what exactly do you study in bioethics or a bioethics program? Does bioethics include X . . . - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 19:2 Summer 2003](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-192-summer-2003/) - Download PDF : E&M 19.2 GUEST EDITORIAL Cloning Newspeak Nigel M. de S. Cameron, PhD and Jennifer Lahl GUEST COMMENTARY High-Tech Medicine and the Physician-Patient Relationship Erzsebet Kapocsi, MD ORIGINAL ARTICLES Human Embryos, Human Ingenuity, and Government Policy Rogeer Hoedemaekers Is It Right or Is It Useful? Patenting of the Human Gene, Lockean Property Rights, - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 33:1 Spring 2017](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-331-spring-2017/) - Download PDF : E&M 33:1 EDITORIAL Dignity's Danger Jacob Shatzer, PhD GREY MATTERS Loopthink: A Limitation of Medical Artificial Intelligence William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD Double Effect Reasoning: Why We Need It Helen Watt, PhD Autonomy in Applied Medical Ethics Joseph Freer, MBBS, BSc, DTMH, CiLT The Relationship of Gametes to Those Who Procreate - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 36:1 Spring 2020](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-361-spring-2020/) - Table of Contents "EDITORIAL: Medicine: Contract or Covenant?" by C. Ben Mitchell, PhD "GUEST COMMENTARY: The Dignity of Human Life: Sketching Out an "Equal Worth" Approach" by Helen Watt, PhD "POLICY ANALYSIS: "Complex Family Planning" and the Assault on Conscience" by Patrick Marmion, MD, MPH, FACPM "GREY MATTERS: Cerebral Organoids and the Threshold of Consciousness" by William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD "CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA: Daring to Deploy a DNA Directive" by Robert D. Orr, MD, CM and Ferdinand D. Yates Jr., MD, MA (Bioethics) ORIGINAL ARTICLES "The Pain Principle: An Ethical Approach to End-of-Life Decisions" by Carlo V. Bellieni, MD "Clinical Science after Flexner's 1910 Report on Medical Education: A Research Ethos Inhabited by Racial Prejudice, Colonial Attitudes, and Eugenic Theory" by Gregory W. Rutecki, MD BOOK REVIEWS - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 36:2 Summer 2020](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-362-summer-2020/) - Table of Contents "EDITORIAL: A New Chapter for Ethics & Medicine" by C. Ben Mitchell, PhD [Open Access] "GREY MATTERS: The Ethics of Naming Epidemics" by William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD "CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA: Daring to Discharge" by Robert D. Orr, MD, CM and Ferdinand D. Yates Jr., MD, MA (Bioethics) ORIGINAL ARTICLES "NaProTechnology : A Medical Embodiment of the Catholic Perspective on an Infertile Couple's Right to Family Planning" by Sister Renee Mirkes, OSF, PHD "Ethical Considerations for Offering Non-Invasive Prenatal Tests Within a Public Healthcare System: A Rule Utilitarian Perspective" by Jeffrey Yuk-Chiu Yip, RN(HK), MNSC, PGCERT and Zoe Wai-King Tsui, RN(HK), RM(HK), MSC (Healthcare), PGCERT(NICU), PRCC(PICU) "Overlooked Costs of Legalizing Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia" by Arthur J. Dyck, PhD BOOK REVIEWS - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 36:3 Fall 2020](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-363-fall-2020/) - Table of Contents "CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA: Proposed Surgery During an International Pandemic" by Ferdinand D. Yates Jr., MD, MA (Bioethics) "GREY MATTERS: Medicine Masked: Ethical Implications of Half-Hidden Faces During a Pandemic" by William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD "GUEST COMMENTARY: A Forgotten Crown of Glory: The Elderly and COVID-19" by Justin Chu, MA ORIGINAL ARTICLES "Triage in a Pandemic: Equity, Utility, or Both?" by Paul Walker, MB BS, PhD "Kindness and the Ethics of Physician-Assisted Suicide" by Dennis L. Sansom, PhD "Climate Change Related Health Hazards and the Academic Responsibility of Evangelical Bioethicists" by Cristina Richie, PhD [Open Access] BOOK REVIEWS - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 34:3 Fall 2018](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-343-fall-2018/) - Table of Contents "EDITORIAL: Gross Anatomy and the Gift of the Body" by C. Ben Mitchell, PhD "GREY MATTERS: Ethical Implications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Personal Identity" by William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD "CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA: Decisional Capacity and Suspected Self-Neglect in a Geriatric Patient" by Joshua D. Niforatos, MTS; Gregory W. Rutecki, MD; Ferdinand D. Yates., MD, MA (Bioethics) "GUEST COMMENTARY: American Psychiatry's Retreat from Reality" by A. A. Howsepian, MD, PhD "GUEST COMMENTARY: Human Head Transplants: Why It's Time for a Serious Debate" by Sister Renee Mirkes, OSF, PhD "Experiencing Transplantation through Narrative: Richard Selzer and 'Whither Thou Goest'" by Catherine Fleisher, MD and Gregory W. Rutecki, MD "Technology and Grieving: A Relationship" by Grace E. McNair, BA and James R. Nichols, PhD - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 35:3 Fall 2019](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-353-fall-2019/) - Table of Contents "EDITORIAL: When Self Determination Runs Amok" by C. Ben Mitchell, PhD "GREY MATTERS: Lifting the Impenetrable Veil: Ethical Implications of Neural Vision Decoding," by William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD "CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA: The Art of Informed Consent, " by Jay Hollman, MD, MA, and Ferdinand D. Yates Jr., MD, MA "Professional Objections and Healthcare: More than a Case of Conscience," by Michael Pruski, PhD, MA, AFHEA, MRSB "Social Freezing: Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma," by Justo Aznar, MD, PhD, and Julio Tudela Cuenca, Pharm, PhD "Addiction as Degradation of Life," by Ondřej Beran, PhD BOOK REVIEWS - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 35:1 Spring 2019](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-351-spring-201/) - Table of Contents "EDITORIAL: Sound and Fury" by C. Ben Mitchell, PhD "GREY MATTERS: Æquanimitas Perfecta" by William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD "CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA: A Pharmacist's Dilemma" by Jessica A. Ward; Douglas C. Anderson, PharmD; Dennis M. Sullivan, MD, MA; Ferdinand D. Yates., MD, MA "The Case for Marijuana Prohibition" by Timothy Hsiao, MA "An Exploration of How Ethics Informs Health Care Practice" by Michael Concannon, PhD; Warren Gillibrand, PhD; Pat Jones, MS "Will Shorter Informed Consent forms with Visual Aids Improve Understanding of the Document in Adult and Elderly Populations of Clinical Trials?" by Agata Bloswick, MSC and Hab. Agnieszka Skowron "The Current State of Medical Error in South Korea" by James Yeongiun Park, MS BOOK REVIEWS - [Medicine: Contract or Covenant?](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/medicine-contract-or-covenant/) - In an increasingly consumerist culture—not to mention an increasingly litigious one—physicians and patients are tempted to view their relationship as purely contractual. To do so is not only a violation of the canons of good medicine but also ultimately dangerous. Think of a legitimate contractual agreement, like that of one and one’s plumber. - [When Self Determination Runs Amok](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/when-self-determination-runs-amok/) - I take it that it isn’t plagiarism if one identifies one’s source. In this case I have borrowed the title from an essay by the estimable Daniel Callahan from another journal, The Hastings Center Report.[1] In this essay, Callahan argues on several grounds against the legalization of physician assisted suicide and euthanasia, not least on an unbridled and undisciplined notion of patient self-determination. Likewise, philosopher Carl Elliott has explored the limits of self-determination in his ground-breaking volume, Better Than Well: American Medicine Meets the American Dream.[2] Elliott interviews patients who self-describe as “amputee wannabes” or call themselves an “amputeeby-choice.” These are individuals who see their limbs as alien to their bodies and ask physicians to remove perfectly healthy limbs because of a perfectly unhealthy body dysmorphic disorder. - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 1:1 1985](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-11-1985/) - Download PDF : E&M 1.1 EDITORIALS A New Arrival The Warnock Debate Medicine and Mores SYMPOSIUM Doctors and the Gillick Case O. R. Johnston A General Practitioner's Response Huw Morgan A Legal Comment Alan Gamble Reflections on the Doctor in Society Paul K. Buxton - [A New Arrival](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/a-new-arrival/) - ETHICS & MEDICINE commences publication with aims and a format that are modest. We wish to provide a forum for discussion on a base that is recognisably Biblical and that stems from the stream of historic Christianity. - [A New Chapter for Ethics & Medicine Revisited](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/a-new-chapter-for-ethics-medicine-revisited/) - It is with great honor and sincere apologies from the editorial staff that I introduce the long-delayed Spring 2021 issue of Ethics & Medicine. This issue marks a new chapter in the nearly four-decade history of this journal. From its beginning in the 1980s and throughout the decades since, this journal has served as an important forum for the critical examination and discussion of bioethical issues at the intersection of science, medicine, and technology, guided by the Hippocratic practice of medicine and the wealth of the Judeo-Christian worldview. The journal quickly grew in the international scope of its engagement, as E&M developed partnerships over the first two decades with the Bioethics & Public Policy Centre, The Center for Bioethics & Human Dignity, and the Lindeboom Insituut, as well as established a transatlantic editorial board. - [Book Review: Joshua Mitchell, "American Awakening: Identity Politics and Other Afflictions of Our Time"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-joshua-mitchell-american-awakening-identity-politics-and-other-afflictions-of-our-time/) - Joshua Mitchell is a specialist in political theory who has contributed one of the few scholarly works addressing the issue of “identity politics” in a liberal society. This phenomenon has exploded on the cultural and political scene in the last twenty years and has caused heated debate across the political spectrum. Moreover, it indirectly affects the theory and practice of medical ethics. - [Book Review: Courtney S. Campbell, "Bearing Witness: Religious Meaning in Bioethics"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-courtney-s-campbell-bearing-witness-religious-meaning-in-bioethics/) - Where does religion fit into modern bioethical discourse? According to sociologist Max Weber, the human mind has a “metaphysical need” to seek order, coherence, and meaning, a need to understand ultimate questions about our nature, purpose, and destiny. Yet modern bioethics operates with no presumptive content of the good and eschews “thick” discourse, relying instead on the procedural grammar of the market, contracts, and limited democracy. - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 8:2 Summer 1992](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-82-summer-1992/) - Download PDF : E&M 8.2 COMMENT From the Editor Death on the Agenda Medical Genetics: Its Presuppositions, Possibilities, and Problems Henk Jochemsen REVIEWS - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 6:1 Spring 1990](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-61-spring-1990/) - Download PDF : E&M 6.1 COMMENT The Embryo Debate The Archbishop of York's Speech to the House of Lords; The Editor's Response Arguements for Abortion of Abnormal Fetuses and the Moral Status of the Developing Embryo Agneta Sutton A Case Against Dutch Euthenasia Richard Fenigsen - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 7:1 Spring 1991](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-71-spring-1991/) - Download PDF : E&M 7.1 COMMENT From Pekka Reinikainen, Helsinki Finland Biotechnology and Warfare Matters of Conscience Pamela F. Sims Embryo Research and Abortion -- The Arguments that Swayed Parliament David S. Short 'Too Busy for Ethics' G. Raymond Selby Is IVF Good Medicine? Pauline Connor REVIEWS - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 6:3 Fall 1990](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-63-fall-1990/) - Download PDF : E&M 6.3 COMMENT Human Fertilisation and Embryology CAHBI: Europe Needs a Universal Bioethics System Karel Gunning Identity and Status of the Human Embryo Antonio G. Spagnola Report on the 8th World Congress of the World Federation of the Right to Die Societies Jane Mellor The Status of the Human Embryo Lindeboom Instituut - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 10:1 Spring 1994](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-101-spring-1994/) - Download PDF : E&M 10.1 COMMENT From the Editor The Kevorkian Story Continues They Zygote, the Embryo, and Personhood: An Attempt at Conceptual Clarification Kirkland Young Personalism and Bioethics Laura Palazzani Reproductive Technologies and the Theology of the Family Scott B. Rae and John H. Core BOOK REVIEWS - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 9:3 Fall 1993](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-93-fall-1993/) - Download PDF : E&M 9.3 COMMENT From the Editor Bioethics in Budapest; Or, A Tale of Two Cities LEGAL COMMENT Courting Euthanasia? Tony Bland and the Law Lords John Keown Symposium on PVS and the Bland Case Persistent Vegetative State: Some Clinical Observations Maureen Tudor The Case For Letting Vegetative Patients Die Bryan Jennett Definitions - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 3:3 Fall 1987](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-33-fall-1987/) - Download PDF : E&M 3:3 EDITORIAL he Handicapped Child Professor O. Peter Gray Life and Death and the Handicapped Newborn Dr C. Everett Koop Life, Death and the Handicapped Newborn: A Review of the Ethical Issues Dr Richard Higginson The Ambiguity of Progress and Medical Ethics The Reverend Rudolph Arendt - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 3:2 Summer 1987](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-32-summer-1987/) - Download PDF : E&M 3.2 EDITORIALS The Euthanasia Syndrome Mr C's Baby and the Abortion Debate Decisions at the End of Life Dr C. Everett Koop Medical Science Under Dictatorship Dr Leo Alexander AIDS and Ethics: A Response to Professor Raymond Dr. David E. B. Powell - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 2:3 Fall 1986](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-23-fall-1986/) - Download PDF : E&M 2.3 Editorial Some Questions for IVF Ken Hargreaves MP Articles Defending Abortion The Revd Dr Nigel M. de S. Cameron & Miss Pamela F. Sims The Pro-Lifer and the Aborted Woman Health, Medicine, and Magic Dr Paul K. Buxton Reviews - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 1:4 1985](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-14-1985/) - Download PDF : E&M 1.4 New Medicine for Old The Revd. Dr Nigel M. de S. Cameron Withdraw This Licence to Kill Paul Johnson O'Donovan's Dilemma Stephen N. Williams Screening for Spina Bifida Edwin Pugh Ethical Conflicts in the long Term Care of Aged Patients: A Response George L. Chalmers An Introduction to the History - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 12:3 Fall 1996](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-123-fall-1996/) - Download PDF : E&M 12.3 Comment Back to the Future C. Ben Mitchell Articles Ignorance Increases the Dangers of the Ecstasy Dance Culture Simon Davies, MB, ChB Predicting Our Health: Ethical Implications of Neural Networks and Outcome Potential Predictions Andrew M. Seddon, MD Did Paul Condone Suicide? Implications for Assisted Suicide and Active Euthanasia Dónal - [Book Review: O. Carter Snead, "What It Means to Be Human: The Case for the Body in Public Bioethics"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-o-carter-snead-what-it-means-to-be-human-the-case-for-the-body-in-public-bioethics/) - The purpose of laws is to protect people’s rights and freedoms, thus promoting human flourishing. Because they reflect societal values, laws are based on society’s anthropology—its concept of what it means to be human, and the goods, virtues, and practices that ensure prosperity for its citizens. Therefore, for human beings to flourish, laws should be grounded in an understanding of the human condition as it is actually lived. In What It Means to Be Human: The Case for the Body in Public Bioethics, O. Carter Snead delivers a devastating critique of the anthropological foundations of current laws and policies in public bioethics. His goal is not to propose specific changes, but to defend a more robust vision of the human experience and to offer an alternative to the contemporary paradigm. - [Book Review: Tom Nichols, "The Death of Expertise: The Campaign against Established Knowledge and Why It Matters"](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/book-review-tom-nichols-the-death-of-expertise-the-campaign-against-established-knowledge-and-why-it-matters/) - I recently saw a satirical video advertising doctors as the solution to confusion surrounding the coronavirus pandemic. The video made the point that doctors, people who have dedicated close to a decade of education to understanding disease processes, have been some of the most ignored voices in the Covid-19 crisis. Tom Nichols, Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval War College, would argue that this assessment is true not only of medicine, but also of expert fields in general. Nichols, in this book diagnoses the death of expertise as a disregard for experts by the lay public. Nichols argues that the American lay person no longer considers the expert’s opinion to have extraordinary weight, and the expert subsequently withdraws from conversations where their knowledge is not valued (Nichols 2017, 4–5). - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 34:2 Summer 2018](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-342-summer-2018/) - Download PDF : E&M 34:2 EDITORIAL Person-to-Person Medicine C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS Ethical Implications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Personal Identity William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA Our Sister's Keeper? Helen O. Williams, MD; F.D. Yates, Jr., MD, MA(Bioethics) PRIME : Partnerships in International Medical Education: An Oral History of the - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 31:2 Summer 2015](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-312-summer-2015/) - Download PDF : E&M 31.2 EDITORIAL Why Doctors Must not Be Complicit in Killing Their Patients C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GUEST EDITORIAL Is the Technological Imperative Imperative? Jacob Shatzer, MDiv, PhD GREY MATTERS Beyond Humanity: Theological and Biotechnological Perspectives on Enhancement in Dialogue William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD Theology and Technology: Mapping the Questions Jacob - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 31:3 Fall 2015](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-313-fall-2015/) - Download PDF : E&M 31.3 EDITORIAL We're All in This Together C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS The Sum of All Thoughts: Prospects of Uploading the Mind to a Computer William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD The Principle of Totality and the Limits of Enhancement Joshua W. Schulz, PhD Assisted Reproduction, the Logic of - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 32:1 Spring 2016](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-321-spring-2016/) - Download PDF : E&M 32:1 EDITORIAL On the Role of Physicians and Goals of Medicine C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS Ethical Assessment of Personal Health-Monitoring Technologies That Interface with the Autonomic Nervous System William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD Respecting the Wishes of Incapacitated Patients at the End of Life Sim Shin Wei, MBBS; Lalit - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 32:2 Summer 2016](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-322-summer-2016/) - Download PDF : E&M 32:2 EDITORIAL The Patient as Person, the Diagnosis as Personal C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS The Elemental Ethicon William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD Morality and Ethical Theories in the Context of Human Behavior Irina Filip, MD; Neeta Saheba, MD; Bryan Wick, MD; Amir Radfar, MD, MPH, MSc A Metaphysical Definition - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 32:3 Fall 2016](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-323-fall-2016/) - Download PDF : E&M 32:3 EDITORIAL Are Doctors Human? C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS The Robot Will See You Now: Can Medical Technology Be Professional? William P. Cheshire, Jr, MD What is the Role of the Church When a National Government Has Internal Healthcare Policies That Fail Its Own Citizens Nellie Wamaitha; Mary B. - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 33:2 Summer 2017](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-332-summer-2017/) - Download PDF : E&M 33:2 - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 33:3 Fall 2017](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-333-fall-2017/) - Download PDF : E&M 33:3 "EDITORIAL: Ectogenesis and the Future of Procreation," by C. Ben Mitchell, PhD "GRAY MATTERS: The Moral Significance of Pain for Synthetic Human Entities Derived from Embryo-Like Cell" by William P. Cheshire, Jr. MD "CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMA: Telling the Truth in Therapeutic Encounters" by Joshua D. Niforatos, MTS; Gregory W. Rutecki, MD; F.D. Yates, Jr., MD "Patient Medical Consent from an Islamic Perspective" by Taghreed Ayyad, LLB.; Ammar Al-Kashimiri, MD, FRCPC, FACEP; Sina Muscati, BGSc, LLM, LLB "Slathered, Zapped, Nipped, and Tucked: An Ethical Analysis of Cosmetic Dermatology" by Barbara, J. Lowe, PhD "The Trinitarian Nature of Biblical Bioethics: A Theological Corrective to Frame's Philosophical Paradigm" by Daniel Heimbach, PhD "The Higher-Brain Concept of Death: A Christian Theological Appraisal" by Allen H. Roberts, II, MD, MDiv BOOK REVIEWS - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 34:1 Spring 2018](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-341-spring-2018/) - Download PDF : E&M 34:1 - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 31:1 Spring 2015](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-311-spring-2015/) - Download PDF : E&M 31.1 - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 28:1 Spring 2012](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-281-spring-2012/) - Download PDF : E&M 28.1 "EDITORIAL: High-Fidelity Human Patient Simulation," by C. Ben Mitchell, PhD "CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMAS: How Does the Doctor Decide Between Cost and Care?" by Ferdinand D. Yates, Jr., MD, MA (Bioethics) "GREY MATTERS: Neural Signatures of Reason and Rhetoric," by William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD "19 Effective Engagement in Global Bioethics: The Benefits of Questions," by Sharon A. Falkenheimer, MA (Bioethics), MPH, MD "Ethics of Palliative Sedation and Medical Disasters: Four Traditions Advance Public Consensus on Three Issues," by William Buckley, PhD, MA, Daniel P. Sulmasy, MD, PhD, FACP, Aaron Mackler, PhD, MA, Aziz Sachedina, PhD, MA BOOK REVIEWS - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 1:2 1985](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-12-1985/) - Download PDF : E&M 1.2 SYMPOSIUM ON THE WARNOCK REPORT EDITORIAL One of Us? The Revd Dr Nigel M. de S. Cameron Problems Raised by Artificial Human Reproduction Professor Ian Donald A view from the Other End Dr George L. Chalmers The Case Against Embryo Research Dr Richard Higginson A Church's Response to Warnock - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 30:1 Spring 2014](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-301-spring-2014/) - Download PDF : E&M 30.1 - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 29:3 Fall 2013](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-293-fall-2013/) - Download PDF : E&M29.3 EDITORIAL Medicine and the Care of Strangers C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS Neurologic Pain Signatures and Neuroethical Calligraphy William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS The Health Care System Bites Back William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD Will You Be a Provider or a Professional? Robert D. - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 29:2 Summer 2013](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-292-summer-2013/) - Download PDF : E&M 29.2 EDITORIAL Medical Ethics and Moral Habitus C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS Doctor’s Handwriting Gone Digital: An Ethical Assessment of Voice Recognition Technology in Medicine William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS A Physician’s Covenant Anonymous Commercialized Medicine Contra Christian-Hippocratism Gregory W. Rutecki, MD Codes of Ethics in Health - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 29:1 Spring 2013](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-291-spring-2013/) - Download PDF:E&M 29.1 GUEST EDITORIAL FROM FOUNDING EDITOR Brave New World/People/Technology/Questions… Nigel Cameron, PhD GREY MATTERS The Middle Word in Bioethics William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS How Should the Medical Team Respond to a Patient’s Requests? Jamie Caudill, MD, Gregory W. Rutecki, MD A Case Against Germ-Line Therapy Agneta Sutton, PhD Conscience - [Ethics & Medicine: Volume 28:3 Fall 2012](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-283-fall-2012/) - Download PDF : E&M 28.3 EDITORIAL Counting the Cost of Genetic Screening C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS Respecting the Absent Patient in Simulation Education William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS The Family That Develops Selective Hearing Christine C. Toevs, MD The Ethics of Creating Chimeras and Other Admixed Organisms David Albert Jones - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 28:2 Summer 2012](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-282-summe-2012/) - Download PDF : E&M 28.2 EDITORIAL The Idea of the Modern Hospital C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS When Moral Arguments Do Not Compute: Prospects for an Ethics Checker William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMAS Experiencing Differences Between Europe and American End-of-Life Care: A Difficult Discontinuation of Life Support Diana Gilbert, MD, Franklin - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 26:1 Spring 2010](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-261-spring-2010/) - Download PDF : E&M 26.1 EDITORIAL Killing Euthanasia C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS Just Enhancement William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS To Dialyze or not to Dialyze Gregory W. Rutecki, MD, Robert D. Orr, MD On Clinical Errors in Geriatric medical Diagnosis: Ethical Issues and Policy Implications E.M. Inelmen, G. Sergi, G. - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 26:2 Summer 2010](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-262-summer-2010/) - Download PDF : E&M 26.2 EDITORIAL The Christian Hippocratic Tradition in Medicine C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS Does Alien Hand Syndrome Refute Free Will? William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS The Need to Know: Disclosure of Information to Pediatric Patients Wayne R Waz, MD On the Nature of Tube Feeding: Basic Care - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 26:3 Fall 2010](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-263-fall-2010/) - Download PDF : E&M 26.3 GUEST EDITORIAL Avarice and health Care Crisis Eugene F. Diamond, MD GREY MATTERS Doing No Harm to Hippocrates: Reality and Virtual Reality in Ethics Education William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS End-of-Life Care in the Long-Term Cancer Survivor Katelyn Braswell, Wilburn Bolton, MD, Grace Hundley, MD, and Gregory - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 27:1 Spring 2011](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-271-spring-2011/) - Download PDF : E&M 27.1 EDITORIAL Human Dignity and Biomedicine C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS Turning a Blind Eye: An Ethical Assessment William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS Capitulation to a Patient's Demands Robert E. Cranston MD, MA (ethics), FAAN, CPE The Practice of Telemedicine: Medico-Legal and Ethical Issues Fatimah Lateef, MBBS - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 27:2 Summer 2011](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-272-summer-2011/) - Download PDF : E&M 27.2 EDITORIAL How Would You Like to Die? C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GUEST COMMENTARY Remembering Dignity Christopher Bechtel CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS Adolescent Confidentiality: An Uneasy Truce Mary B. Adam, MD, PhD, FAAP GREY MATTERS The Origami Brain: From Neural Folds to Neuroethics William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD Is Free Will an - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 27:3 Fall 2011](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-273-fall-2011/) - Download PDF : E&M 27.3 EDITORIAL Conflicts of Conscience Matter Because Medicine Matters C. Ben Mitchell CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS When Doctors Disagree Anonymous GREY MATTERS When Conscience Meddles with Ethics William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD In Defence of Selflessness: A Philoshopical Analysis of a Central Virtue in Professional Caring Practices Bart Cusveller, BNurs, PhD Phil - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 1:3 1985](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-13-1985/) - Download PDF : E&M 1.3 EDITORIAL Back on the Agenda The Revd Dr Nigel M. de S. Cameron STUDENT FORUM Dr George L. Chalmers The Issues Facing Mankind Proffessor Paul Ramsey Ethical Conflicts in Long-term Care of Aged Patients Goran Bexell, Astrid Norberg, Bo Norberg Why I Changed my Mind Dr Peter Armon - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 2:1 Spring 1986](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-21-spring-1986/) - Download PDF : E&M 2.1 EDITORIAL Virtue in Question The Revd Dr Nigel M. de S. Cameron What Kind of Being is the Human Embryo? Dr Teresa Iglesias Some Theological Perspectives on the Human Embryo The Revd Dr David Atkinson Birth Control and Population Policies Michael and Joyce Bell - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 2:2 Summer 1986](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-22-summer-1986/) - Download PDF : E&M 2.2 EDITORIAL Ethics and Ethics The Revd Dr Nigel M. de S. Cameron After the Embryo the Fetus? Sir John Peel Some Theological Perspectives on the Human Embryo (Part 2) The Revd Dr David Atkinson Responses to Warnock: a Review Isobel Grigor The Gillick Judgement: a Perspective Martyn Jones - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 3:1 Spring 1987](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-31-spring-1987/) - Download PDF : E&M 3.1 EDITORIAL: Angel of Death The Reverend Dr Nigel M. de S. Cameron The Surgeon General's Report on AIDS AIDS, HIV Testing and the Ethics of Informed Consent Professor Diane Raymond AIDS - A Modern Black Death? Dr Ian L. Brown A Bishop on Morals Condemnation Without Rejection - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 4:1 Spring 1988](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-41-spring-1988/) - Download PDF : E&M 4.1 EDITORIAL Dr Ian L. Brown AIDS, Medicine and Moral Absolutes Dr Elliot Larson AIDS: Social and Pastoral Considerations Archibald MacLullich Counsel and Care Bishop Maurice A.P. Wood Aiding the Young Mrs Valerie Riches - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 4:2 Summer 1988](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-42-summer-1988/) - Download PDF : E&M 4.2 COMMENT Costs and Benefits Human Dignity? Firstfruits of an Awesome Harvest Confidentiality and Young People Victoria Gillick Confidentiality and Young People: A G.P.'s Response Dr Huw Morgan Confidentiality and Patient-Access to Records Professor David S. Short Persuading Pagans Dr S. G. Potts BOOKS REVIEWED Medicine and the Bible, Bernard Palmer - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 4:3 Fall 1988](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-43-fall-1988/) - Download PDF : E&M 4.3 COMMENT We deserve better than this Whither the NHS? International Conference on Philosophical Ethics in Reproductive Medicine, Leeds, 1988 Fetal Brain Transplantation - the Scope of the Ethical Issue Dr Peter McCullagh Test Tube Babies in Debate Pamela F. Sims The Ethics of Prescribing Drugs Dr J. H. Scotson BOOKS - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 5:1 Spring 1989](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-51-spring-1989/) - Download PDF : E&M 5.1 COMMENT Is there a future for medicine? The Unfinished Debate on Euthenasia: a perspective on the 1970's discussion The Revd Dr Hugh Trowell Reproductive Technologies in Light of Vatican Instruction Antonio G. Spagnolo, Maria L. Di Pietro, Elio Screccia Medical Ethics and the Family Dr J. H. Scotson REVIEWS The - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 5:2 Summer 1989](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-52-summer-1989/) - Download PDF : E&M 5.2 COMMENT Embryos again Love, Justice and the Allocation of Resources Dr Richard Higginson Nurses, the Nursing Profession and Ethical Problems Dr F. J. Fitzpatrick An Alternative to Condomania? M. Elizabeth Duncan REVIEWS Murderous Science, Elimination by Scientific Selection of Jews, Gypsies and Others, Germany 1933 to 1945. Benno Muller-Hill Video: - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 5:3 Fall 1989](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-53-fall-1989/) - Download PDF : E&M 5.3 COMMENT The EMbryo Bill A Debate on Fetal Tissue Use in Finland The Spiritual Care of the Dying Patient Dr G. Raymond Selby Rescuing the Innocent Denis D. Haack Allowing Death or Actively Killing? Dr Rudolph Arendt REVIEWS Bereavement, John and Libby Wattis, Lingdale Papers 10, Counselling as Covenant - - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 6:2 Summer 1990](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-62-summer-1990/) - Download PDF : E&M 6.2 COMMENT Euthenasia, The Ultimate Abandonment Rita L. Marker The Doctor's Ethics D.E.B. Powell Rapiers and the Religio Medici Jonathan Sinclair Carey The Medical Dilema G. Raymond Selby The Mother-Child Relationship Soren Holm - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 7:2 Summer 1991](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-72-summer-1991/) - Download PDF : E&M 7.2 COMMENT From Professor D. A. du Toit, Stellenbosch, South Africa Leeds Conference Report: The Provocative Nature of Some Ethical Language From Stuart Hornett, Leicester England The Sanctity of Life and Substituted Judgement: The Case of Baby J FORUM: Responses to 'Rescuing the Innocent' Death and the Beginning of Life Teresa - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 7:3 Fall 1991](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-73-fall-1991/) - Download PDF : E&M 7.3 COMMENT From the Editor An Exciting Initiative: The Centre for Bioethics and Public Policy From the Very Revd Professor Thomas F. Torrance Donor Insemination for the Single Woman From Professor David S. Short The Persistent Vegetative State Cystic Fibrosis: Screening or Cure? Dr J. S. Elborn The Seamless Dress of - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 8:1 Spring 1992](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-81-spring-1992/) - Download PDF : E&M 8.1 COMMENT From Dr Bernard Nathanson Of Pre-Embryos and Bourbon Kings Hospice Care for the 'Living Dead'? Walter H. Schuman Teenage Pregnancy and Abortion: a Review Pamela F. Sims Abortion and Shelter Beyond - Thompson's Violinist Helen Watt AIDS: the Moral, Medical and Spiritual Challenges Harold O. J. Brown - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 8:3 Fall 1992](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-83-fall-1992/) - Download PDF : E&M 8.3 The Law and Practice OF Euthenasia in the Netherlands John Keown, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 9:1 Spring 1993](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-91-spring-1993/) - Download PDF : E&M 9.1 COMMENT Professor David Short A Physician's Misgivings regarding the Advance Directive A Time to Live C. Ben Mitchell & Michael K. Whitehead Living Wills A Briefing Paper from CARE Euthenasia A statement by HOPE - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 9:2 Summer 1993](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-92-summer-1993/) - Download PDF : E&M 9.2 COMMENT From the Editor A Decade for Death The New Dutch 'Medical Experimentation Bill' and Incompetent Patients B. S. Cusveller and H. Jochemsen The NHS Reforms - A View from General Practice Kenneth Prudhoe Picture Perfect: The Politics of Prenatal Testing Elizabeth Kristol - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 10:2 Summer 1994](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-102-summer-1994/) - Download PDF : E&M 10.2 Legal Comment Stuart Hornett The Living Will Jerome R. Wernow, Belgium Anthropology and Bioethics D. A. du Toit, South Africa Hobbes's Equal Threat: Are Some More Equal Than Others? E. D. Watt, Australia - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 10:3 Fall 1994](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-103-fall-1994/) - Download PDF : E&M 10.3 COMMENT A Family Year? Agneta Sutton Genetic Engineering - Bane or Blessing? C. Ben Mitchell REPORT Transplantation of Fetal Tissue H. Jochemsen The Status of the Embryo from a Christian Point of View Dominique Folscheid Blurring Distinctions between the Dying and the Dead: A Call for Discernment in Organ Donation - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 11:1 Spring 1995](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-111-spring-1995/) - Download PDF : E&M 11.1 Articles Bioethics and the Challenge of the Post-Consensus Society Dr Nigel M de S Cameron Response to Nigel M de S Cameron's Bioethics and the Challenge of the Post-Consensus Society David B. Fletcher, PhD Models of Nursing and Theories of Humanity: A Christian Perspective Barbara Parfitt & Stephen Williams Consistent - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 11:2 Summer 1995](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-112-summer-1995/) - Download PDF : E&M 11.2 Articles On Being Politically Correct Dr. Keith J Russell The Struggle Against Abortion: Why the Use of Lethal Force Is Not Morally Justifiable The Christian Life Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention Response to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority's Consultation Document on Research and Fertility Treatment Using Human Ova - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 11:3 Fall 1995](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-113-fall-1995/) - Download PDF : E&M 11.3 Articles The Budapest Conference in Bioethics, 1995 Dr Teresa Iglesias Is the Human Person a Substance or a Property-thing? J P Moreland & John Mitchell A Christian Perspective on the Use of Animals for Medical Research and Transplantation Juan Aristondo Book Reviews Procuring Organs for Transplant: The Debate Over Non-Heart-Beating - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 12:1 Spring 1996](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-121-spring-1996/) - Download PDF : E&M 12.1 Articles Bioethics and the Future of Us All Nigel M de S Cameron Bioethics and Public Policy: Will Liberal Nihilism Be Our Future? Dominique Folscheid Hippocratic Medicine and the Teaching of Medical Ethics Teresa Iglesias An International Workshop: Life Sciences and the Concept of Person: Impact of Individual Opinions on - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 12:2 Summer 1996](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-122-summer-1996/) - Download PDF : E&M 12.2 Articles Comment Agneta Sutton, MSc, MPhil Life Without Hippocrates: The Vision of Nietzsche Stephen Williams, MA, PhD Some Reservations About Suicide A. A. Howsepian, MD The British Law on Assisted Reproduction: A Liberal Law By Comparison with Many Other European Laws Agneta Sutton, MSc, MPhil Philosophical Considerations for Christian Ethics - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 13:1 Spring 1997](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-131-spring-1997/) - Download PDF : E&M 13.1 Articles Euthanasia Tourism Rebecca C Miller The Culture of Death and the Gospel of Life: An Evangelical Response to Evangelium Vitae R. Albert Mohler, Jr, PhD The Use of Backstreet Abortion Arguments in Favour of Legalized Abortion David Paton, BSc, MA Products of the Will: Robertson's Children of Choice Prof. - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 13:2 Summer 1997](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-132-summer-1997/) - Download PDF : E&M 13.2 Articles The Transition from a Social to a Competition-Base Health Care System Prof. Gyula, Gaizler Anencephalic Neonates as Organ Donors Revisited: A Response to the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the American Medical Association Gregory W Rutecki, MD The American Psychiatric Association's 'Guidelines Regarding Possible Conflict Between Psychiatrists' - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 13:3 Fall 1997](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-133-fall-1997/) - Download PDF : E&M 13.3 Articles Comment Agneta Sutton, Managing Editor The Ethics of Nursing Care Dr. Ann Bradshaw Primary Vaginal Cancer in Pregnancy: Difficulty in the Ethical Management L. Puls, MD, R. Terry, MD, & J. Hunter, MD 'The Least a Parent Can Do': Prenatal Genetic Testing and the Welcome of Our Children Brock - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 14:1 Spring 1998](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-141-spring-1998/) - Download PDF : E&M 14.1 Articles The Shape of the Future C. Ben Mitchell, PhD The Duty of Physicians Reverend Richard Baxter (1615-1691) Theoretical and Philosophical Reflections About the Medical Approach Towards Procreation Dr. Barbara Maier Religion-Based Perspectives on Cloning of Humans National Bioethics Advisory Commission (USA) A Protestant Perspective on Cloning C. Ben Mitchell, - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 14:2 Summer 1998](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-142-summer-1998/) - Download PDF : E&M 14.2 Articles Consultation Paper on Cloning Agneta Sutton Are Advance Directives an Advance? A A Howsepian, MD The Health Care Institution-Patient Relationship: A Paradigm Lost John F Peppin, DO Non-Treatment Decisions in the Care of the Newborn Infant John Wyatt Watching Over Patient Life and Death: Kevorkian, Hippocrates, and Maimonides Kalman - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 14:3 Fall 1998](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-143-fall-1998/) - Download PDF : E&M 14.3 Articles Viagra and the Future of Medicine C. Ben Mitchell, PhD Commentary Carl F. Henry, PhD Made Not Begotten: A Theological Analysis of Human Cloning John S. Grabowski, PhD Cochlear Implants in Children: Ethical Considerations from the Perspective of a Christian Parent Gerald R. Feulmer, MA, MDiv Prenatal Genetic Testing: - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 15:1 Spring 1999](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-151-spring-1999/) - Download PDF : E&M 15.1 Articles When Learned Doctors Murder C. Ben Mitchell, PhD Primitive Physic Reverend John Wesley (1703-1791) In Vitro Fertilization and the Ethics of Procreation Joseph S. Spoerl, PhD Palliative Care from the Perspective of a Consultant Geriatrician: The Dangers of Withholding Hydration Gillian Craig, MD, FRCP Book Reviews Man Made Man: - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 15:2 Summer 1999](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-152-summer-1999/) - Download PDF : E&M 15.2 Guest Editorial The Christian Heritage in Cure and Care Henk Jochemsen Articles A Worldview for Nursing Arlene B. Miller, RN, MDiv Working Towards Shalom: The Core of Nursing Practice Judith Allen Shelly, RN, DMin Professional Responsibility in Nursing Theory and Practice: Response to Arlene Miller and Judy Shelly Bart Cusveller, - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 15:3 Fall 1999](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-153-fall-1999/) - Download PDF : E&M 15.3 Articles New Feature in Ethics & Medicine C. Ben Mitchell, PhD Opinions and Attitudes of Medical Students Towards Basic Principles of the Hippocratic Oath Stanka Markova, MD, PhD, SM, Juliana K Marinova, MD, SM, Svetlana M Dimitrova, MD, SM, & Borislav D Dimitrov, MD, MSc Redefining the Active/Passive Euthanasia Debate--Part - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 16:1 Spring 2000](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-161-spring-2000/) - Download PDF : E&M 16.1 Articles Paradise Lost: The Devolution of Medical Practice Gillian Craig, MD 'Where Am I Going from Here?' The Ethical and Spiritual Issues of Estrangement David Schiedermayer, MD Redefining the Active/Passive Euthanasia Debate: Introducing New Categories to Aid Proper Moral Contemplation Daniel McConchie, MA Ethical Issues in Cochlear Implantation of Children - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 16:2 Summer 2000](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-162-summer-2000/) - Download PDF : E&M 16.2 Articles The Protest of a Troubled Bioethicist C. Ben Mitchell, PhD Alternative Therapies: Making a Difference through Spiritual Evaluation Glenn M. Hultgren, DC 'The Death of Ivan Ilyich' and the Resuscitation of Christian Medical Ethics Brian Brock, MA Is the Code of Ethics of the American Medical Association Ethical? Richard - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 16:3 Fall 2000](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-163-fall-2000/) - Download PDF : E&M 16.3 Articles An Idea Whose Time Has Come C Ben Mitchell, PhD Can Christians Be Effective in the Public Policy Arena? Clarke D Forsythe, JD Toward the Relief of Suffering and the Restoration of Person Jeffrey L Newswanger, DO Artificial Nutrition and Hydration for Patients in Persistent Vegetative State: Continuing Reflections - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 17:1 Spring 2001](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-171-spring-2001/) - Download PDF : E&M 17.1 Editorial C. Ben Mitchell, Ph. D. Guest Editorial Nigel M de S Cameron Guest Commentary Henk Jochemsen Why the Future Doesn't Need Us Bill Joy Redux: Is the Oral Contraceptive Pill an Abortifacient? Joel Goodnough Sponsorship of Educational Programmes in Nigerian Medical and Pharmacy Schools by Pharmaceutical Companies: Possible Risk - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 17:2 Summer 2001](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-172-summer-2001/) - Download PDF : E&M 17.2 Editorial C. Ben Mitchell, Ph. D. Guest Editorial Bioethics for Nurses from a Faith-Based Perspective Jack Hanford Guest Commentary A Stranger in a Land of Strangers: Englehart's Thesis Outlined Steven N Williams The Position of Nurses in the New Dutch Euthanasia Bill: A Report of Legal and Political Developments Marianne - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 17:3 Fall 2001](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-173-fall-2001/) - Download PDF : E&M 17.3 Editorial Old MacDonald Had an Embryo Pharm, E, I, E, I, Oh? C. Ben Mitchell, Ph. D. Guest Commentary To the Editor Polygamy and Autonomy David B. Fletcher A Theologian's Brief: On the Place of the Human Embryo Within the Christian Tradition and the Theological Principles for Evaluating Its Moral - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 18:2 Summer 2002](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-182-summer-2002/) - Download PDF : E&M 18.2 Editorial Hurtling Toward Eugenics...Again C. Ben Mitchell, Ph. D. Guest Commentary Toward a Common Language of Human Dignity William D. Cheshire The Oral Contraceptive Pill and the Principle of Double Effect Sister Renee Mirkes A Defense of the Neglected Rhetorical Strategy (NRS) David C. Reardon Clinical Ethics Case Consultation Robert - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 18:3 Fall 2002](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-183-fall-2002/) - Download PDF : E&M 18.3 Editorial Editorial C. Ben Mitchell, Ph. D. Guest Commentary Clinical Ethics Case Consultation Robert D Orr The Institutional Review Board: A Critical Revisit to the Protection of Human Subjects Gregory W Rutecki, Michael Youtsey, Bernard Adelson Revisiting Reproductive Technology's Slippery Slope in the Light of the Concepts of the Imago - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 19:1 Spring 2003](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-191-spring-2003/) - Download PDF : E&M 19.1 Guest Commentary Celebrating Two Decades of Publication C Ben Mitchell, PhD Alone No More: Pain in Premature Children C V Belieni, MD, F Bagnoli, G Buonocore, MD The Conception View of Personhood: A Review Dennis M Sullivan, MD, FACS The Fiduciary Covenantal Relationship: A Model for Physician-Patent Relationships G Steven - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 19:3 Fall 2003](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-193-fall-2003/) - Download PDF : E&M 19.3 Editorial The New Utopians and a Truly Human Future C Ben Mitchell Guest Commentary Some Christian Responses to the Genetic Revolution Julie P. Clague, MTH, PGCE Twigs of Terebinth: The Ethical Origins of the Hospital in Judeo-Christian Tradition William P. Cheshire, MD Poem: The overlooked test William P. Cheshire, MD - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 20:1 Spring 2004](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-201-spring-2004/) - Download PDF : E&M 20.1 Guest Commentary Bioethics and the Fundamentalist Agenda Robert D. Orr, MD, CM "The Least of These": A Christian Moral Appraisal of Vital Organ Procurement from "Brain-Dead" Patients Stephen N. Nelson, MD, FAAP Poem: The overlooked test William P. Cheshire, MD Ethical Concerns of American Evangelical Christians Relative to Genetic Interventions - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 20:2 Summer 2004](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-202-summer-2004/) - Download PDF : E&M 20.2 Editorial Godsend or God's End C. Ben Mitchell, Ph. D. Guest Commentary A Neglected Solution to the Problem of the Metaphysical and Moral Status of the Human-Animal Chimera Russell DiSilvestro, MA Lethal Injection: The Medical Charade Jonathan I Groner, MD When a Family Member Changes Their Mind Regarding the DNR - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 20:3 Fall 2004](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-203-fall-2004/) - Download PDF : E&M 20.3 Editorial Bill Gates Gets Under Our Skin C. Ben Mitchell, Ph. D. Guest Editorial Conflicts of Interest in Medical Ethics Eugene F. Diamond, MD Guest Commentary Inevitable Human Cloning as Viewed from 221-B Baker Street William P. Cheshire, MD, MA, FAAN Terminal Sedation, Terminal Elation, and Medical Parsimony Y. Michael - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 21:1 Spring 2005](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-211-spring-2005/) - Download PDF : E&M 21.1 Editorial The Wisdom of Costa Rica C. Ben Mitchell, Ph. D. Guest Commentary Pain Definitions Revised: Newborns Not Only Feel Pain, They Also Suffer Carlo Bellieni, MD Immediate Animation: Thomistic Principles Applied to Norman Ford's Objections Fr. Juan R. Velez G., MD, Ph.D. Can Artificial Techniques Supply Morally Neutral Human - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 21:3 Fall 2005](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-213-fall-2005/) - Download PDF : E&M 21.3 Guest Commentary From Steinem to Schlafly: Creating a Basis for Constructive Conversation on Human Sexuality Mary B. Adam, MD The Failure of Formal Rights and Equality in the Clinic: A Critique of Bioethics Chloe G. K. Atkins, Ph. D. Clinical Ethics Case Consultation Ferdinand D. Yates, Jr., MD Death of - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 22:1 Spring 2006](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-221-spring-2006/) - Download PDF : E&M 22.1 Editorial Selecting Our Embryonic Children Nigel M. de S. Cameron, Ph.D. Guest Commentary Human Dignity: Still Defying Devaluation Matthew Eppinette, M.A. and Andrew Fergusson M.R.C.G.P. The Moral Status of the Embryonic Human: Religious Perspectives John Jefferson Davis, Ph.D. Ethics Involved in Simulation-Based Medical Planning Anthony Tongen, Ph.D., and Mary Adam, - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 22:2 Summer 2006](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-222-summer-2006/) - Download PDF : E&M 22.2 Editorial Codelia Taylor, R.N.: Healthcare Heroine C. Ben Mitchell, Ph.D. Grey Matters Neuroscience, Nuance, and Neuroethics William P. Cheshire, Jr., M.D. Supporting Organ Transplantation in Non-Resident Aliens Within Limits Katrina A. Bramstedt, Ph.D. Direct-to-Consumer Online Genetic Testing and the Four Principles: An Analysis of the Ethical Issues Katherine Watson, Ph.D., - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 22:3 Fall 2006](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-223-fall-2006/) - Download PDF : E&M 22.3 Editorial Human Egg "Donation" C. Ben Mitchell, Ph.D. Grey Matters When Eloquence is Inarticulate William P. Cheshire, Jr., M.D. Clinical Ethics Dilemmas Limitation of Treatment Decisions for Unwanted Neonate Susan Haack, M.D., M.A. (Bioethics), F.A.C.O.G. Are Christian Voices Needed in Public Bioethics Debates?: Care for Persons with Disabilities as a - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 23:1 Spring 2007](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-231-spring-2007/) - Download PDF : E&M 23.1 Editorial Scientists, Ethics, and Public Engagement C. Ben Mitchell, Ph.D. GUEST COMMENTARY Ethics and Genetics of Human Behavior Calum MacKellar, Ph.D. GUEST COMMENTARY Education and Practice of Medical Ethics in Bulgaria after Political and Socio-Economic Changes in the 90s Borislav D. Dimitrov, M.D., MSc, SM, Ph.D., Zlatka Glutnikova, MC, SM, - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 23:2 Summer 2007](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-232-summer-2007/) - Download PDF : E&M 23.2 End of Life Issue GUEST COMMENTARY A Good Death John Dunlop, M.D. Clinical Ethics Dilemmas: End of Life Issues Permissibility to Accept Refusal of Potentially Life-Saving Treatment Greg Rutecki, M.D. Themed Article: End of Life Issues Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: There is an Alternative Sylvia Dianne Ledger, MA, RN, FETC - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 23:3 Fall 2007](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-233-fall-2007/) - Download PDF : E&M 23.3 EDITORIAL In Memoriam: Harold O. J. Brown (1933-2007) C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GREY MATTERS Can Grey Voxels Solve Neuroethical Dilemmas? William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD, Associate Professor of Neurology at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, and Consultant in Neuroethics at the Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity. The views expressed - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 24:1 Spring 2008](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-241-spring-2008/) - Download PDF : E&M 24.1 Editorial Genetically Enhancing Athletes? C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GUEST COMMENTARY How do Doctors Become Killers? Ronald Pies, MD GREY MATTERS In the Twilight of Aging, A Twinkle of Hope William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS Is It Permissable to Shut Off the Pacemaker? Ferdinand D. Yates, Jr., MD, - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 24:2 Summer 2008](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-242-summer-2008/) - Download PDF : E&M 24.2 EDITORIAL Ethics or Metaphysics? David C. Carmer, MD GUEST COMMENTARY Reading Brain Scans for Intention Identification: A Tale of Two Anthropologies Sister Renee Mirkes, OSF, PhD GREY MATTERS From Biochemical Synapse to Bioethical Syntax William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS Is It Permissible to Forgo Life-Saving Dialysis? Robert - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 24:3 Fall 2008](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-243-fall-2008/) - Download PDF : E&M 24.3 EDITORIAL Healthcare and the Common Good C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GUEST COMMENTARY How Much Brain Do I Need to Be Human? Scott B. Rae, PhD GREY MATTERS The Synapse and Other Gaps William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS The Rights and Responsibilities of Pregnant Women Susan M. Haack, - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 25:1 Spring 2009](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-251-spring-2009/) - Download PDF : E&M 25.1 EDITORIAL The Indignity of "Death with Dignity" C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GUEST COMMENTARY Pleasing Desires or Pleasing Wishes? A New Approach to Health Definition Carlo V. Bellieni, MD and Giuseppe Buonocroe, MD GREY MATTERS Till We have Minds William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS Is It Permissible to - [Ethics & Medicine Volume 25:2 Summer 2009](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-252-summer-2009/) - Download PDF : E&M 25.2 GUEST COMMENTARY Pulling the Sheet Back Down: A Response to Battin on the Practice of Terminal Sedation Patrick T. Smith, MDiv. MA, PhD(cand.), and James S. Boal, MD GREY MATTERS Accelerated Thought in the Fast Lane William P. Cheshire, Jr., MD CLINICAL ETHICS DILEMMAS On the Permissibility of a DNR - [Ethics & Medicine : Volume 25:3 Fall 2009](https://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/ethics-medicine-volume-253-fall-2009/) - Download PDF : E&M 25.3 EDITORIAL On Human Bioenhancements C. Ben Mitchell, PhD GUEST COMMENTARY Think It's Greed? 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